Serial Killer Belle Soren Gunness Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Serial Killer Belle Soren Gunness - Term Paper Example Belle Soren Gunness killed her victims in cold blood: boyfriends, suitors, husbands and two daughters, Lucy and Myrtle. The authorities at that time wondered what reasons might have motivated her to commit the crimes but after investigations and follow-ups, they established that her apparent motive of killing involved ripping people of their belongings such as collecting life insurance, cash, and valuables (Segrave, 1992). The secondary motive for killing involved the elimination of witnesses. She eventually disappeared on April 28, 1908. Gunness’ character and the nature of being are very strange throughout her biography. The place of her birth is not well established. In fact, her death has not been established as well. Her origins have been matters of debate. Most of her biographers have spoken and written contradicting stories with many claiming that she was born in 1859, November 11th in Norway near a lake called selbu. A stonemason named Paul Pedersen Storset fathered her and her mother was called Berit Olsdatter. Among her eight siblings, she was the youngest. They lived in a cotter’s farm 60 km southeast of a town called Trondheim, the largest city situated in central Norway. To matters that made her character change. According to Anne Berit Vestby, an Irish TV documentary journalist aired on September 4, 2006, that she had faced a very bad experience in her early life. In 1877, Gunness had attended a dance event when she was pregnant. While in the dance, she was attacked by a man, a stranger to her, who kicked her on the abdomen. This experience caused her miscarriage, and unfortunately, the man who hailed from a well-off family was never prosecuted (Schmid, 2005). What followed were series of deaths and arsons, crime and frauds that escalated over time. In 1884, she got married to Mads Albert Sorenson and they lived in Illinois. Shortly after the marriage, their home and store burned down and the claimed the insurance money which they were granted. Sorenson then died of what was perceived as heart failure. Strangely, this occurred on the day when his two life insurance policies had overlapped.

Endangered Animals should be protect Essay Example for Free

Endangered Animals should be protect Essay ‘Would you like to see humans becoming extinct after sometime? Animals are as important as humans and then how can we see animals extinct. Mahatma Gandhi (1956) had a quote which was ­Ã¢â‚¬ The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way animals are treated†. There are several animals who are on the line of becoming extinct. Animals that are on the line of extinction are called Endangered Animals. If the current Endangered animals became extinct then many resources that people use will also disappear. We should save Endangered Animals due to that animals maintain healthy ecosystem, and animals provide with food source and raw materials. Essentially, animals help maintain the healthy ecosystem. The ecosystem is the connected in chains known as food chains and food webs. If one of the animal becomes extinct the whole chain is disturbed and there would be increase of some animals and decrease of some animals. The animals also maintain the balance of the nature. Animals helps the humans in many ways directly or indirectly. A scientific research by the World Wildlife Fund shows that the Tigers helps us protect the forests and other endangered animals but tigers are on the edge of getting extinct. There are only 3,200 tigers left in the world. â€Å"Would you like to work for someone and in return getting nothing except getting being killed†? The above explanation explain us that we need to save the endangered animals and this is one of the reasons we should save them.

The Human Brain :: essays research papers

INTRODUCTION The human body is divided into many different parts called organs. All of the parts are controlled by an organ called the brain, which is located in the head. The brain weighs about 2. 75 pounds, and has a whitish-pink appearance. The brain is made up of many cells, and is the control centre of the body. The brain flashes messages out to all the other parts of the body. The messages travel in very fine threads called nerves. The nerves and the brain make up a system somewhat like telephone poles carrying wires across the city. This is called the nervous system. The nerves in the body don't just send messages from the brain to the organs, but also send messages from the eyes, ears, skin and other organs back to your brain. Some nerves are linked directly to the brain. Others have to reach the brain through a sort of power line down the back, called the spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain doesn't just control your organs, but also can think and remember. That part of the brain is called the mind. PROTECTING THE BRAIN Twenty-eight bones make up the skull. Eight of these bones are interlocking plates. These plates form the cranium. The cranium provides maximum protection with minimum weight, the ideal combination. The other twenty bones make up the face, jaw and other parts of the skull. Another way the brain keeps it self safe is by keeping itself in liquid. Nearly one fifth of the blood pumped by the heart is sent to the brain. The brain then sends the blood through an intricate network of blood vessels to where the blood is needed. Specialized blood vessels called choroid plexuses produce a protective cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is what the brain literally floats in. A third protective measure taken by the brain is called the blood brain barrier. This barrier consists of a network of unique capillaries. These capillaries are filters for harmful chemicals carried by the blood, but do allow oxygen, water and glucose to enter the brain. THE DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE BRAIN The brain is divided into three main sections. The area at the front of the brain is the largest. Most of it is known as the cerebrum. It controls all of the movements that you have to think about, thought and memory.

What Important Lessons in Life Are Learned Away from School?

Education plays a pivotal role in the life of any person. Some think that learning is done primarily in school. It is true that educational institutions have been so entwined with the process of learning where students learn languages and a variety of other subjects to learn how to communicate and analyze. However, important lessons outside school are also important to develop skills in us to prepare us for the future. One of the most important lessons that school cannot teach is morality. School cannot and will not be the yardstick of right and wrong.To be a person of integrity, one could probably attend a religious institution and learn the principles of upright living. To be morally upright would definitely help one to be a better person and grant him the inner peace that he needs for daily living. Living by the religious principles such as the Proverbs in the bible would also be able to guard him from committing follies that can be avoided. Another important lesson that one can l earn outside school is the skills of financial planning. Although school teaches the calculation of figures, it does not teach us how these figures would affect us financially in our lives.By learning to budget wisely, one would not end up in unnecessary debts. It is not uncommon to find young adults under a huge credit-card debt. To avoid such dire situations, one needs to learn the discipline to save, invest and spend wisely so that there will be wealth accumulation and funds set aside for a rainy day. Beside financial planning, we must learn lessons of hardship and perseverance. Without such values, one would be easily set back by failures. Hence, taking vacational jobs to earn some pocket money is an excellent opportunity to learn how to withstand hardship.For example, I was employed as a waiter in a five-star hotel. Having to stand daily for hours has taught me to take hardship in good stride. Such lesson would not have been made possible in school where children learn academic success above anything else. Finally, the school usually does not teach us the skills of widening and deepening friendship. Learning the right communication skills and the social boundary that we should keep between friends will enable us to understand and appreciate our friends better.A widening social circle and an inner sphere of intimate friends are important to help one succeed in life. A friend can be there to give advice, provide business opportunities and even provide a listening skill. Unfortunately, the school does not provide such skills and this could only be learnt from home and interaction with the outside world. In conclusion, it is a fallacy to think that everything can be learnt in school. One should always display a willingness to learn and relearn out of school context to be able to strive and thrive in this changing world.

Bony Anatomy The Knee Joint Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionThe undermentioned chapter intends to supply an overview of current literature pertinent to this survey. A brief lineation of related anatomy and biomechanics of the articulatio genus articulation will be discussed, every bit good as a theoretical association of articulatio genus degenerative arthritis and the lower kinetic concatenation. The clinical, aetiological and epidemiological facets of degenerative arthritis of the articulatio genus will be provided, along with the possible effects that assorted intervention option may hold on this disease.Anatomy2.2.1 Bony Anatomy of the Knee JointThe articulatio genus joint maps chiefly as a big hinge-type articulation, dwelling of three articulations ; two tibiofemoral articulations between the medial and sidelong femoral and tibial condyles, and one patellofemoral articulation between the posterior facet of the kneecap and thighbone ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ) . Due to the comparative incongruence of the articulating surfaces, the articulatio genus articulation composite is inherently unstable, hence two fibrocartilage phonograph record ( semilunar cartilage ) exist in the infinite between the shinbone and thighbone, are attached to the intercondylar distinction of the shinbone, and farther addition the congruency of the joint every bit good as provide extra stableness ( Magee, 2008 ) . In add-on to the semilunar cartilage, legion environing ligaments play an of import function in stabilization of the articulatio genus. The name, location and specific map of these ligaments are outlined in the tabular array below.Table 2.1.1 Name Location and maps of articulatio genus ligamentsNameLocationFunctionMedial ( tibial ) collateral ligament ( MCL ) Anchored superiorly to the median femoral epicondyle, inferior to the adductor tubercle, and descends anteriorly to attach to the median border and median surface of the shinbone above and behind the fond regard of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus sinews. Attaches by much of its deep surface to the underlying hempen membrane of the median semilunar cartilage. Stabilises the hinge-like gesture of the articulatio genus and prevents knee abduction Lateral ( fibular ) collateral ligament ( LCL ) Attaches superiorly to the sidelong femoral epicondyle, superior to the channel for the popliteus sinew. Inferiorly, it is attached to a depression on the sidelong surface of the fibular caput. It is separated from the hempen membrane by a Bursa Stabilises the hinge-like gesture of the articulatio genus and articulatio genus adduction. It is stronger than MCL Anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) Attaches to a aspect on the anterior portion of the intercondylar country of the shinbone and ascends posteriorly to attach to a aspect at the dorsum of the sidelong wall of the intercondylar pit of the thighbone Complect the thighbone and shinbone, stops tibia traveling frontward on thighbone, and prevents hyper-extension and inordinate internal rotary motion. ACL crosses sidelong to the PCL as they pass through the intercondylar part Articular capsule and the Bursa Articular capsule presents merely at the sides and posterior facets of the articulatio genus, where it covers the majority of the femoral and tibial condyles. It is stabilised and straighten by the joint ligaments and the musculus sinews. Bursa are extensions of the articulatio genus synovial pit and are filled with synovial fluid The capsule consists of an external hempen bed ( hempen capsule ) and an internal synovial membrane, which is uninterrupted with the synovial liner of the Bursa. They act to cut down clash between the sinews and implicit in castanetss ( hypertext transfer protocol: //andme26.hubpages.com/hub/Anatomy-of-the-knee-Bones-Muscles-Arteries-Veins-Nerves )2.2.2 Neurovascular StructuresTable 2.1.2 Neuravascular constructions of the articulatio genus2.2.3 Lower Limb MusculatureThe primary musculus groups responsible to making motion at the articulatio genus articulation are the quadriceps femoris ( extension ) and hamstrings ( flexure ) . The fond regards, excitation and action of the single musculuss within the quadriceps and hamstring are described in Table 2.1.3.1 and Table 2.1.3.2, severally.Table 2.1.3.1 Attachments, Innervation and Action of Quadriceps Femoris ComponentsMuscleProximal AttachmentDistal AttachmentExcitationActionRectus Femoris Anterior inferior iliac spinal column and Troy superior to acetabulum Via a common sinewy interpolation to the base of kneecap ; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tubercle Femoral Nerve ( L2, L3, L4 ) Extend leg at articulatio genus articulation ; rectus femur besides steadies hip articulation and helps iliopsoas musculus flex the thigh Vastus Lateralis Greater trochanter an sidelong lip of linea aspera of thighbone Vastus Medialis Intertrochanteric line and median lip of linea aspera of thighbone Vastus Intermedius Anterior and sidelong surfaces of shaft of thighbone ( Table abridged from Moore and Dalley, 1999 )Table 2.1.3.2 Attachments, Innervation and Action of Hamstrings ComponentsMuscleProximal AttachmentDistal AttachmentExcitationActionSemitendinosus Ischial tubercle Superior portion of shinbone on median surface Tibial division of sciatic nervus ( L5, S1, S2 ) Extend thigh ; flex leg and revolve it medially when articulatio genus is flexed Semimembranosus Ischial tubercle Posterior portion of shinbone on median condyle Bicepss Femoris Long caput: ischial tubercle Short caput: linea aspera and sidelong supracondylar line of thighbone Fibula on sidelong side of caput Long caput: Tibial division of sciatic nervus ( L5, S1, S2 ) Short caput: Common fibular division of sciatic nervus ( L5, S1, S2 ) Extend thigh ; flex leg and revolve it laterally when articulatio genus is flexed ( Table abridged from Moore and Dalley, 1999 )2.2.4 Lower Limb BiomechanicsThe primary motions of the articulatio genus are flexure and extension, with a smaller rotational constituent when the articulatio genus is flexed ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ) . Table 2.1.4 outlines the chief motions of the articulatio genus articulation, every bit good as the name and action of the musculus bring forthing them.Table 2.1.4 Motions of the articulatio genusMotion and scope of motionNameActionKnee flexors 135A °-150A ° 1. Hamstrings ( semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris ) 2. Popliteus Flexs and rotes leg medially, locks and unlocks the articulatio genus from beginnings of flexure Knee extensors 0A °-10A ° Quadricepss femoris ( rectus femur, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis ) extends leg, ( but flexes thigh by action of rectus femur ) Medial rotary motion 0A °-10A ° Popliteus ( non-weight bearing articulatio genus extended ) , or semitendinosus and semimembranosus ( when knee flexed ) Weakly flexes articulatio genus, unlocks knee by revolving femur 5A ° laterally on fixed shinbone Lateral rotary motion 0A °-30A ° Bicepss femoris ( when knee flexed ) Weakly flexes articulatio genus, unlocks knee by revolving femur 5A ° medially on fixed shinbone ( hypertext transfer protocol: //andme26.hubpages.com/hub/Anatomy-of-the-knee-Bones-Muscles-Arteries-Veins-Nerves ) The comparative incongruence of the articular surface consequences in the articulatio genus being comparatively weak automatically, and a greater trust on the actions of environing musculuss, sinews and ligaments for strength and support ( Magee, 2008 ) . The anterior thigh musculuss are the most critical of these supports, with the quadriceps femoris musculuss being the most of import stabilizer of the articulatio genus articulation ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ) . Because of the fond regard of the quadriceps femoris musculus across two articulations, it is capable of bring forthing action at both the hip and the articulatio genus ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ) . The three vastus musculuss ( vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis ) form the primary extensor musculus group of the articulatio genus ( Moore and Dalley, 1999, Magee, 2008 ) . The rectus femoris division of the quadriceps femoris musculus Acts of the Apostless, along with the iliopsoas, to flex the hip ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ; Marieb, 2004 ) ; therefore its ability to widen the articulatio genus is compromised when the hip is flexed. As a consequence, the ability of the quadriceps femoris musculus group to bring forth knee extension is most effectual when the hip articulation is extended ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ) . The hamstrings musculus group produces extension at the hip and flexure at the articulatio genus ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ; Marieb, 2004 ) . These two actions of the hamstrings can non be performed maximally at the same clip, as full flexure of the articulatio genus requires so much shortening that the hamstrings can non supply the extra contraction needed for full extension of the hip, and frailty versa ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ) . The hamstrings, nevertheless, demonstrate most activity when they are eccentrically undertaking to defy hip flexure and articulatio genus extension ( Moore and Dalley, 1999 ) . A survey by Wilson et Al ( 2011 ) aimed to look into the correlativity between articulatio genus articulation biomechanics and neuromuscular control and moderate articulatio genus degenerative arthritis radiographic and pain badness, higher articulatio genus adduction minutes ( during stance stage ) and lower articulatio genus flexure angles ( full pace rhythm ) were associated with higher RVAS. Higher hurting tonss were associated with lower pace velocities and reduced activation of the sidelong gastroc between early and late stance stage, which the writers suggested may be a mechanism to antagonize high median compartment articulation burden. Additionally, increased activation of the median hamstring between early stance stage and toe off may be declarative of higher coactivity of these musculuss in a guarding mechanism to increase joint stiffness and cut down the hurting, and perchance to compensate joint instability.2.2.4.1 Kinetic Chain TheoryThe kinetic concatenation is defined as â€Å" a combination of several in turn arranges myofascial, articular and nervous constituents, representing a complex unit † ( Bergmann & A ; Peterson, 2002 ) . In order for this system to map, it requires optimum alliance, mechanics and enlisting of these articulations. There are 3 sub-systems within a kinetic concatenation ( active, inactive and nervous ) , all of which contribute to the production of motion: In the lower limb there exists a functional relationship between the articulatio genus and the superior articulations in the hip and lumbopelvic spinal column, every bit good as the pes and mortise joint, inferiorly. When the pess are weight-bearing, the kinetic concatenation is closed and the links map interdependently, with a alteration in one articulation ensuing in an immediate consequence on the kinematics of other articulations in the concatenation. Therefore, a disfunction in the articulatio genus can hold a direct consequence on next articulation in the concatenation, and frailty versa. This highlights the importance of turn toing non merely the country of ailment, but besides next parts to rectify any potentially altered biomechanics of the kinetic concatenation in entirety.Overview of Osteoarthritis of the KneeEpidemiologyIncidence and PrevalenceBy the age of 60 old ages, about 100 % of the population will hold histologic alterations of devolution in their articulatio genus gristle, over 80 % will hold radiographic grounds of OA in at least one articulation, about 40 % will describe clinical symptoms of arthritis, and 10 % will see activity restriction ( Loeser 2000 ) .Hazard FactorsHarmonizing to the Framingham degenerative arthritis survey, the major hazard factors for KOA were age, female gender, fleshiness, non-smoking, occupational articulatio genus bending, physical labor, and chondrocalcinosis ( Felson 1993 ) . Other hazard factors identified are listed in the tabular array below.Table 2.2.1 Hazard factors and Protective factors for KOA harmonizing to the F ramingham OA surveyHazard factorsAge Female gender Geneticss Race Geographic Fleshiness Major articulation injury Occupational Immobilization High bone mineral denseness Joint hypermobility & A ; instability Insistent articulation usage Peripheral neuropathy Prior inflammatory articulation disease Congenital/developmental defects Crystal deposition in articulations Oestrogen surplus Diabetess, high blood pressure, hyperuricaemiaProtective factorsSmoking Osteoporosis Weight decrease Age: Age is the strongest hazard factor for OA, with an addition in prevalence of diagnostic OA from 7.0 % in those aged 63-69 old ages old to 11.2 % in those over the age of 80. Radiographic grounds of OA increased from 27.4 % amongst those in their 1960ss compared to 43.7 % prevalence in those in their 1880ss ( Felson 1987 ) . Gender: Age related increased in OA were found to be more evident in females ; non merely with respect to incidence, but besides in badness and rate of patterned advance ( grade 3/4 alterations increased in prevalence by 7.9 % from the 6th to eighth decennary of life ( Felson 1990 ) . Although there was small or no difference in gender prevalence of mild OA ( Roberts 1996 ) , females tended to hold more terrible OA, a greater figure of joint engagements, more symptoms, and a higher prevalence of manus and articulatio genus OA ( Kellgren-Lawrence 1963 ) ( Felson1995 ) . Recent surveies suggest that post-menopausal oestrogen lack may play a function in development of KOA in older adult females ( Nevitt 1996 ) . Males, nevertheless, had an increased prevalence of hip OA ( particularly in those aged 55 and supra ) ( Kellgren-Lawrence 1963 ) Fleshiness: Fleshiness is the strongest modifiable hazard factor for development of KOA, particularly in adult females ( Loeser 2000 ) . Harmonizing to the Framingham survey, higher organic structure mass index ( BMI ) was associated with an odds ratio of 1.6 per 5-unit addition in BMI. Similarly, a weight loss correlated to a 40 % lessening in hazard of KOA per 10-lb ( ~4.5kg ) weight loss ( Felson 1988/1997 ) . Hazard for development of KOA increased exponentially when fleshiness was present with an extra hazard factor, such as heavy physical activity. Aged patients in the upper tertile of BMI who performed at least 3 hours of physical activity daily had an odds ratio of 13 for development of KOA ( McAlindon 1999 ) . Major joint injury: The comparative hazard for development of radiographic KOA following meniscectomy for direction of stray meniscal cryings was 14 ( Roos 1998 ) . Surveies besides suggest that quadriceps failing increased the hazard of both radiographic and diagnostic OA ( Slemendra 1997 ) . Insistent articulation usage: While there is deficient informations to propose that featuring activities may take to generalised OA ( Lane 1993 ) , it has been shown that certain businesss may do the overexploitation of peculiar articulations, therefore increasing the hazard of development of localized OA ( Croft 1992 ) . For illustration, occupational articulatio genus bending is strongly associated with KOA and mineworkers frequently exhibit marks of spondylosis ( Felson 1990 ) . Muscle dysbalance & A ; wasting: Muscles play a major function in joint biomechanics as the green goods motions, absorb burden, and supply dynamic joint stableness. It is therefore possible that musculus failing due to aging or anterior injury my consequence in loss of the protective musculus control, inordinate joint motion and instability ( Slemendra 1997 ) . Ultimately this will do stress-induced microtrauma of the articular gristle due to the increased happening in physiological shear and extremum articulation forces. Over an drawn-out period of clip, this microtrauma will do gristle devolution, with pathological subchondral force per unit area addition and attendant subchondral induration, and joint prostration with axis maldeviation ( mention ) . Slemenda et Al. conducted a prospective survey in which reduced articulatio genus extensor strength was present in those topics who developed OA as compared to the unaffected participants ( Slemendra 1998 ) . Similar findings were seen in a survey by on patients with one-sided mortise joint OA, in which the affected side displayed reduced calf perimeter and decreased electromyography ( EMG ) frequences of lower leg musculuss ( Valdererrohano 2006 ) . In a healthy person, musculus biopsies have shown wasting of type-1 musculus fibers ( slow-twitch ) in the vastus lateralis following periods of articulatio genus immobilization. In KOA patients nevertheless, failing of the vastus lateralis was largely due to type-2 fiber wasting ( Nakamara and Suzuki 1992 ) . Fink et al so investigated the structural alterations in the vastus medialis and found type-2 fiber wasting in all specimens ( which was consistent with informations from Nakamara ) every bit good as extra type-1 fiber wasting in 32 % of patients ( Fink 2007 ) . Exercise preparation has been found to increase diameter of both type-1 and type-2 musculuss fibers ( Saltin 1977 ) , and was therefore the recommendation of the writers in order to antagonize the musculus wasting and therefore protract the oncoming of OA. As musculuss increase in size with exercising, it is suspected that wasting in creaky patients is non merely caused by neglect in the presence of joint stiffness and hurting, but besides by age-related sarcopenia ( generalized loss of skeletal musculus mass ) , physical immobilization and decreased physical activity ( Goodpaster 2006 ) . This musculus wasting, irrespective of its causative pathomechanism, has been found to be strongly correlated to the development of OA. Since exercising additions muscle mass and improves musculus map, it is likely to play an of import function in intervention and bar of OA.PathologyOA is characterised by focal loss of gristle with grounds of attach toing periarticular bone response. Clinically, it presents as joint hurting and crepitus in the aged age group, and is radiographically characterised by reduced joint infinite, osteophytes and a assortment of malformations that develop as the disease progresses.Pathogenesis and MorphologyNormal hyaline gr istle comprises chondrocytes ( 1-2 % ) embedded in extra-cellular matrix, which in bend is constituted by H2O, type-II collagen and proteoglycans. Articular gristle performs two chief maps: 1 ) along with synovial fluid, it provides virtually friction-free motion within the joint ; and 2 ) in weight-bearing articulations, it spreads the burden across the joint surface in a mode that allows the implicit in castanetss to absorb daze and weight. These maps require that gristle be elastic and have a high tensile strength. These properties are provided by proteoglycans and type II collagen, both of which are produced by chondrocytes. Articular gristle invariably undergoes matrix devolution and replacing. Any instability in normal chondrocytes ability to keep gristle synthesis and debasement can take to OA. Majority of the pathological alterations in OA occur in the gristle itself, nevertheless as the disease progresses, the organic structure and synovial constructions besides begin to de mo marks of devolution. ( Reference ) Cartilage Changes: Chondrocyte map can be affected by a assortment of influences, including mechanical emphasiss, aging, metabolic and familial factors, increased bone denseness and high oestrogen degrees. Regardless of the inciting stimulation, early OA is marked by the degenerating gristle incorporating more H2O and less proteoglycan ( mention ) . This occurs as a consequence of an enzymatic debasement of the major structural constituents, aggrecan and collagen, which causes reactive proliferation of chondrocytes to organize bunchs ( ringers ) with increased production of matrix constituents. Although the turnover of aggrecan constituents is increased, the concentration finally falls. The lessening in size of hydrophilic aggrecan molecules increases the H2O concentration and swelling force per unit area in gristle, farther interrupting the staying staging of type II collagen. Overall, gristle tensile strength and resiliency are compromised doing it susceptible to supporting hurts. ( BOON ET AL ) Progression of these alterations leads to transgress of surface unity, crevices, opposing, flaking of gristle and development of perpendicular clefts ( fibrillations ) , localised chondrocyte decease and lessening in gristle thickness. Cartilage loss is focal instead than widespread and normally restricted to the maximal supporting portion of the joint ( BOON ET AL ) . Gross scrutiny at this phase reveals a soft farinaceous articular gristle surface ( kumar et Al ) . Bone Changes: The bone instantly below the compromised gristle responds by increasing its trabecular thickness ( subchondral induration ) , which in some instances reflects healed trabeculate microfractures or countries of osteonecrosis caused by the increased force per unit area in bone as the gristle fails in its load-transmitting map. The break gaps allow synovial fluid to be forced into the subchondral parts, organizing hempen walled cysts. At the border of the joint there is formation of new fibrocartilage, which so undergoes endochondral ossification to organize osteophytes. Despite cardinal and fringy new bone formation, with terrible gristle loss, crevices may intensify and expose the subchondral bone to have on, with the unprotected bone ends going ivory-like due to inspissating and vascularization ( eburnation ) , frequently with deep linear furrows ( BOON ET AL ) . Small breaks can free pieces of gristle and subchondral bone into the joint, organizing loose organic structu res ( joint mice ) . Bone remodelling and gristle thinning easy alter the form of OA articulations, increasing their surface Other Changes: The synovial membrane undergoes variable grades of hyperplasia, sometimes as aureate although less widespread as RA ( In terrible disease, a hempen synovial pannus covers the peripheral parts of the articular surface ) . Osteochondral organic structures normally occur within the synovial membrane, reflecting chondroid mataplasia or secondary consumption and growing of damaged gristle fragments. The outer capsule besides thickens and contracts, normally retaining the stableness of the remodelling articulation. The musculuss that act over the joint normally show non-specific type-II fiber wasting ( BOON ET AL ) .Natural HistoryThe class of OA is extremely variable. Those patients with multiple affected articulations tend to hold a more rapid patterned advance of OA in their single articulations ( Felson 1993 ) . Advanced age ( Felson 1993 ) and fleshiness ( Felson 1993 ) are besides associated with more rapid patterned advance. Primary OA is regarded as by and large easy progressive, which is apparent in one 3rd to two tierces of radiographic OA instances ; while it has been known to brace for many old ages, betterments are rare ( kumar et Al ) . Diagnostic OA may come on, or better, or may even be arrested due to the fact that symptoms have been shown to be ill correlated to radiographic patterned advance ( Kellgren-Lawrence 1963 ) . Osteophye encroachments on spinal hiatuss are a common cause of nervus root entrapment, which may ensue in neurological shortages such as radicular hurting, musculus wasting or cramp, and centripetal loss. With clip, entire articulation prostration may happen, but unlike Rheumatoid arthritis, does non ensue in joint anchylosis ( merger ) . ( kumar et Al )Subsets of OAPrimary OA can be categorised into three major subsets, although it may non be easy to find an exact differentiation between the subsets ( Doherty 1994 ) . Nodal Generalised OA: GOA is characterised by distal, and proximal to a lesser extent, interphalangeal ( IP ) articulation engagement, Heberden ‘s nodes ( cadaverous expansion of DIP articulation ) , Bouchard ‘s nodes ( cadaverous expansion of PIP articulation ) and familial bunch. It peaks at in-between age and is common in females ( Doherty 1994 ) . Erosive OA: Characterised by engagement of IP articulations of custodies, frequently with aureate redness and erosive alterations, that subsequently take to malformations and anchylosis. A little proportion ( 15 % ) may germinate into seropositive rheumatoid arthritis ( Doherty 1994 ) . Isolated big joint OA: Knee: This is the most common signifier of OA, frequently happening bilaterally. It may affect preponderantly the median femorotibial, sidelong femorotibial or patellofemoral compartment. Hip: Predominantly involves the superior pole or the median compartment. Spinal column: Apophyseal joint engagement is the lone true signifier of OA that can affect the spinal column and is typically manifested my hurting on extention on the spinal column. Intervertebral phonograph record ( IVD ) devolution with osteophyte formation is considered an built-in portion of OA, and normally affects the lumbar and cervical parts. Diffuse intraosseeous skeletal hyperostosis ( DISH ) and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligaments ( OPLL ) are considered to be discrepancies of spondylosis, and comprise fluxing calcification of the disc border and anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament, severally ( mention ) .Clinical FeaturesSigns and symptoms of OA may take many old ages after the oncoming of the disease to go clinically apparent. This is due the fact that the patterned advance of the disease is extremely variable & A ; there tends to be hapless correlativity to radiographic and microscopic patterned advance. Another possible ground that there may be a hold in the visual aspect of symptoms after devolution has taken topographic point is because due to a deficiency of excitation within the gristle ( Lane 1993 ) . Joints normally involved in OA are the articulatio genus, fingers, and spinal apophyseal articulations. Less normally are the hips, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular articulations, while carpal, cubitus, mortise joint and glenohumeral articulations are seldom involved in isolation.Signs and SymptomsSymptoms if OA often have an insidious oncoming and an asymmetrical distribution, subsequently going symmetric as the disease progresses. Factors that may foretell the presence of diagnostic OA and rate of patterned advance include advanced age, fleshiness and multiple affected articulations. The central marks of OA include bony puffiness, synovial gush, crepitus, restricted scope of gesture, joint malformation and, musculus failing and wasting. Symptoms associated with OA include hurting, joint stiffness and functional damage, although all need n't be present at the same clip & A ; badness: Pain: Pain normally begins as an intermittent localised deep aching in and around the affected articulation, frequently exacerbated by motion. As the disease progresss, hurting may go more relentless, going nowadays at dark and during remainder. In KOA, hurting is normally localised to the front tooth and median facets of the articulatio genus and upper thigh, normally occurs with step usage, mounting in and out of vehicles, and making day-to-day activities such as bathing, standing from a seated place and utilizing a lavatory. These jobs may be amplified in the presence of attendant hip pathologies, where normal walking pace is likely to be altered as a consequence of the inguen and leg hurting. Stiffness: Stiffness in the involved articulations is typically present and worst first thing in the forenoon ( forenoon stiffness ) and lasts between five and 30 proceedingss. Stiffness may besides be present subsequently in the twenty-four hours after periods of remainder or inaction ( gelling ) , but is brief and relieved by soft motion ( Doherty 1994 ) . This stiffness is frequently associated with impaired motion within the joint and my consequence from a figure of causes ; joint adhesion, capsular tightening and thickener, inflexibleness of the overlying soft tissue and/or altered joint construction ( eg. as a consequence of osteophyte formation ) . Functional Damage: The badness of functional damage is mostly dependent on the grade of devolution, type of joint involved every bit good as the specific location of the devolution within the joint. For illustration, if there is pronounced devolution with osteophyte formation on next jointing surfaces, which make contact during motion, one would anticipate to happen that scope of gesture is impaired. Similarly, loose organic structures may ensue in reduced scope of gesture every bit good as possible lockup or buckling, particularly if located within the articulatio genus articulation. Crepitus develops as a consequence of gristle loss articulation and abnormalities on jointing surfaces such that they longer skid swimmingly over one another. This creates a stuttered-type gesture, which can be palpated on scrutiny of scope of gesture. In terrible instances this crepitus may even make hearable â€Å" dads † . Crepitus is present in over 90 % of patients with KOA ( mention ) . In terrible instances, joint subluxation may happen when there is uneven wear of the joint surfaces. Over an drawn-out period of clip this will ensue in asymmetrical joint infinite narrowing and finally prostration. When this occurs in the articulatio genus, the median tibiofemoral articulation to typically more affected than the sidelong and in over 50 % of patients will do the development of a knee varus ( â€Å" bow leg malformation † ) . Functional damage may besides ensue non merely from structural alterations to the joint surfaces, but besides from other alterations associated with OA, such as arthrogenic musculus suppression. In this instance, the patient may see failing due to wasting of the surrounding musculuss, every bit good as stiffness or reduced scope of gesture due to inflexibleness ( Hurley 1998 ) .Table 2.2.2 Outline of Typical Symptoms of OsteoarthritisSymptomsPatient over age of 45 Insidious onset over months or old ages Variable or intermittent hurting over clip Chiefly related to motion and weight-bearing, relieved by remainder Merely brief forenoon ( & lt ; 15 proceedingss ) stiffness and â€Å" gelling † ( & lt ; 1 minute ) after remainder Normally merely one or two articulations painful ( non multiple regional hurting ) ( Adapted from Davidson ‘s )Table 2.2.3 Outline of Clinical Signs Characteristic of OsteoarthritisSignsRestricted motion ( capsular thickener, barricading by osteophytes ) Palpable, sometimes hearable, class crepitus ( unsmooth articular surfaces ) Bony swelling ( osteophytes ) around articulation borders Deformity, normally without instability Joint-line or periarticular tenderness Muscle failing, blowing No, or merely mild, synovitis ( gush, increased heat ) ( Adapted from Davidson ‘s )2.3.3.2 Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition ( AMI )AMI is defined as the failure of a functional musculus group to enroll all motor units during maximum voluntary contraction ( Suter et al, 2000 ) . When joint receptors are subjected to distention, compaction, ligamentous stretch, gush and hurting, this protective mechanism is activated, doing automatic suppression of the environing muscularure to forestall farther hurt to the joint ( Crossman and Neary, 1995 ) . The hurting, joint annoyance and musculus cramps frequently associated with KOA, taking to biomechanical alterations and redness, consequences in an suppression of the joint motorneuron pool and inability to enroll all the musculus fibers within the musculus groups that cross the affected articulation. The net consequence is: lessening musculus strength ( existent and/or evident failing ) , doing holds in the rehabilitation advancement ( Hopkins and Ingersoll, 2000 ) Altered motion forms due to a alteration in motor control and joint proprioception, increasing the hazard of hurting, re-injury and accelerated devolution because of the deformed articulation forces ( Lee, 4004 )Diagnostic StandardsPrior to the development of clinical standards for diagnosing of OA in 1981? , the diagnosing of OA was frequently based on radiographic visual aspect and standards proposed by Kellgren and Lawrence in 1957, which is accepted by the World Health Organisation. The diagnosing of OA is mostly clinico-radiographic, that is both clinical and radiographic characteristics are taken into consideration to find the presence and badness of the disease. It is widely acknowledged that radiographic alterations may non be present in the early phases of devolution, while merely 40-50 % of patients with radiographic grounds of OA are clinically symptomless ( Roberts 1996 ) . For this ground the American Rheumatism Association devised diagnostic standards for OA in assorted articulations.Table 2.2.4 Clinico-radiographic Classification Criteria for Osteoarthritis of the KneeTraditional formatClassification tree formatKnee hurting OsteophytesPlusOne of three: Age & gt ; 50 old ages Stiffness & lt ; 30 proceedingss Crepitus Knee hurting and OsteophytesOrKnee hurting and age a†°? 40 old ages and forenoon stiffness a†°Ã‚ ¤ 30 proceedingss in continuance and crepitus on gesture( Altman 1986 )Table 2.2.5 Clinico-radiographic Classification Criteria for Osteoarthritis of the HipHip hurting At least two of the followers: ESR Westergreen & lt ; 20mm/hr Radiographic femoral or cotyloid osteophytes Radiographic joint infinite narrowing ( superior, axial and/or medial )( Altman 1991 )Table 2.2.6 Clinico-radiographic Classification Criteria for Osteoarthritis of the HandssHand hurting, hurting, or stiffness Three or four of the followers: Hard tissue expansion of 2 or more of 10 selected joints* Hard tissue expansion of 2 or more DIP articulations Less than 3 conceited MCP articulations Deformity of at least one of 10 selected joints* * 10 selected articulations are 2nd and 3rd DIP articulation, 2nd and 3rd PIP articulation, and 1st carpometacarpal joint( Altman 1990 )Radiographic DiagnosisThere are eight central marks of DJD: asymmetric distribution, non-uniform loss of joint infinite, osteophytes, subchondral induration, subchondral cysts, intra-articular loose organic structures, intra-articular malformation, and joint subluxation. The radiographic presentation of OA varies depending on the joint involved, the anatomic relationships, and the emphasis to which the articulation is subjected. Therefore all eight marks need non be present in order to set up a diagnosing of OA ; nevertheless they may be utile in in finding the grade of underlying diseased sequences affecting the joint compartments. The tabular array below is the scaling system used to set up radiographic badness of OA ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) .Table 2.2.7 Kellgren-Lawrence Classification of OsteoarthritisDescriptionNormal No alteration Class I Improbable narrowing of the joint infinite, possibleA osteophytes Grade II SmallA osteophytes, possible narrowing of the joint Grade III Multiple, reasonably sizedA osteophytes, definite joint infinite narrowing, some sclerosed countries, possible distortion of bone terminals Grade IV Multiple largeA osteophytes, terrible joint infinite narrowing, marked induration and definite cadaverous terminal malformation. mention Asymmetrical Distribution: There is often a seeable disparity when comparing the extent of joint engagement with the unaffected ( or lesser affected ) articulation on the contralateral side. The asymmetrical distribution of OA helps to separate it from inflammatory arthropathies, such as RA, when have a characteristically symmetrical engagement ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) . Non-Uniform Loss of Joint Space: Decrease in joint infinite is most likely to happen at the parts of greatest intra-articular emphasis, which is particularly apparent in weight-bearing articulations such as the spinal column, hip, and articulatio genus ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) . Osteophytes: Radiographically, these are seen as cadaverous branchs widening from the part of capsular interpolation into the joint infinite. In really terrible instances the osteophyte may wholly bridge the joint infinite, doing anyklosis of the joint ( cite – Y & A ; R? ) . Subchondral Sclerosis ( Eburnation ) : This is normally apparent in countries where there is the greatest loss in gristle tallness. It occurs as a consequence of increased mechanical forces being transmitted to the joint surfaces that lack the daze absorbing consequence of normal gristle thickness. In order to antagonize these increased forces, the bing trabeculate bone thickens and new bone is formed. This is seen on radiogram as increased countries of radio-opacity in the subchondral bone underlying parts of reduced joint infinite ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) . Subchondral Cysts ( Goedes ) : These are focal parts of loss in bone denseness, of variable size, which appear as rounded countries of radiolucency and frequently have a sclerosed border. They are located in countries of old subchiondral induration, and occur either as a consequence of synovial fluid invasion through the open articular home base or secondary to trabeculate break and subsequent mortification ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) . Intra-Articular Loose Bodies ( Joint Mice ) : As joint devolution advancements, flaking and atomization may ensue in intra-articular accretion of free drifting organic structures, comprised mostly of gristle and on occasion subchondral bone ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) . Articular Deformity: Progressive distortion of the articular surfaces may happen following insistent emphasis, doing big subchondral cysts, trabeculate remodelling, break and prostration, which may be exacerbated my mortification due to secondary vascular perturbations ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) . Joint Subluxation: The joint finally becomes unstable and prone to displacement due to joint surface distortion, loss of joint infinite, and laxness within the construction of the ligaments and sinews. This alters in the burden distribution, farther increasing the unbalances emphasiss of the joint, speed uping the degenerative procedure ( mention – Y & A ; R? ) .Clinical DiagnosisAltman et Al. ( 1986 ) developed sets of standards for the categorization of idiopathic OA of the articulatio genus.Table 2.2.8 Classification Criteria for Diagnosis of Idiopathic Osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the Knee *Clinical and research labClinical and radiolograohicClinical **Knee Pain + at least 5 of 9: Age & gt ; 50 old ages Stiffness & lt ; 30 proceedingss Crepitus Bony tenderness Bony Enlargement No tangible heat ESR & lt ; 40 mm/hr RF & lt ; 1:40 SF OA Knee Pain + at least 1 of 3: Age & gt ; 50 old ages Stiffness & lt ; 30 proceedingss Crepitus + Osteophytes Knee Pain + at least 3 of 6: Age & gt ; 50 old ages Stiffness & lt ; 30 proceedingss Crepitus Bony tenderness Bony Enlargement No tangible heat 92 % Sensitivity 75 % Specific 91 % Sensitivity 86 % Specific 95 % Sensitivity 69 % Specific * ESR = erythrocyte sedementation rate ( Westergreen ) ; RF = arthritic factor ; SF OA = synovial fluid marks of OA ( clear, syrupy, or white blood cell count & lt ; 2000/mm3 ) . ** Alternative would be 4 of 6, which is 84 % sensitive and 89 % particular. ( mention )Differentiation from other Arthritic DiseasesArthritic arthritis: associated with more marks of redness affecting the MCP, carpus, wrist bones and other peripheral articulations, every bit good as the cervical spinal column. Generalised OA involves the DIP, PIP and first CMC articulations in the manus and, cervical and lumbar spinal column parts. RA distinguished from erosive OA through positive research lab trial, such as arthritic factor, ESR, and synovial fluid analysis ( Boon et al, ) . Joints actively involved in arthritic arthritis seldom show osteophytes, therefore their presence is a utile index of OA if the patient presents with a assorted clinical image. If osteophytes precede arthritic engagement, it indicated that rheumatoid arthritis has evolved from an erosive OA. Conversely, they will merely develop in secondary devolution following RA burn out ( Yochum & A ; Rowe, ) . Pseudogout: differentiated from OA by presence of CPPD crystals in synovial fluid, every bit good the in engagement of articulations that are non typically associated with primary OA, such as the cubitus and shoulder ( McCarthy 1998 ) .Table 2.2.9 Categorization for Subsets of Idiopathic OsteoarthritisLocalised:Handss: Heberden ‘s and Bouchard ‘s nodes ( nodal ) Erosive interphalangeal arthritis ( non-nodal ) Scaphometacarpal Scophotrapezal Foot: Halux valgus Hallux rigidus Contracted toes ( hammer/cock-up toes ) Talonavicular Knee: Medial compartment Lateral compartment Patellofemoral compartment Hip: Eccentric ( superior ) Concentric ( axial, median ) Diffuse ( coxae senilis ) Spine ( peculiarly cervical and lumbar ) : Apophyseal Intervertebral ( phonograph record ) Spondylosis ( osteophytes ) Ligamentous hyperostosis [ DISH* or Forestier ‘s disease ] ) Other individual sites: Shoulder Temporomandibular Sacroiliac Ankle Wrist AcromioclavicularGeneralised ( includes 3 or more sites listed above ) :Small ( peripheral ) and spinal column Large ( cardinal ) and spinal column Mixed ( peripheral and cardinal ) and spinal column * DISH = Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

buy custom A Rose for Emily essay

buy custom A Rose for Emily essay Faulkners works reflect the southern white peoples obsession with the past: the decadence, family corruption, defeat and the loss of material things. In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner explores burden of the southern white people and how they remain haunted by the past good times in the aftermath of the civil war (Shmoop.com). Emily is the last shred of aristocracy in Jefferson. She is seen as a kind of monument of an aristocracy that, truly speaking, is dead and will never return (WowEssays.com). She remains haunted by the gone times. She still dreams of living it, that old southern life, and making it to work in spite of the unaccommodating new world. She rebels against that new world through the ways that the system can let her get away with. Emily still wishes to marry a rich man like her father would have made sure of; or like her aristocracy demands of her. When it turns out that she cannot have all that she wishes for, the adoration of the village as a representative of a world that still cares for such things as aristocracy, she gives up. Although she is literally alive, it can be said that Emily becomes buried alive in her home, as well as in herself. In other words, Emily still does not come to terms with the fact that times have changed. Her response to that change is simply refusing to witness it. She completely does not get to terms with the reality of the times. Generally, Faulkner assigns Emilys fate to that of all who refuse to accept change. The objects in her house are a crucial mirror on which Emilys fate is reflected long before she literally dies. The purpose of this paper is to look at how these objects help to reflect Emilys refusal to live by the times and the consequential fate, and that of those who are like her. Critical Analysis This story is discernibly in line with the Gothic story as reflected in such things as a crumbling mansion, a hideous secret and a mysterious servant. The main theme of A Rose for Emily is that one who refuses to change must also love and live with death. From the start of the story, it is obvious that Emily does not take to change quite easily. Emilys refusal to acknowledge and accept change is suggested in a number of symbols and images of stasis. She refuses to let the villagers burry her father, because she believes he is still alive. Faulkner captures minute details of not just Emilys person, but also her surroundings. Faulkner describes Emily as looking bloated as if her body has long been submerged in still wate. Another of these most notable details is the grey strand of hair found next to Barrons body upon her death. It gives the impression that Emily must have recently laid beside Homers dead body long after it had decayed. In fact, judging from the fact that the space on the pillow on which Barrons body rests is indented, she probably lay beside the body many times before, even recently. The strand of hair makes Emilys visit to the body of Barron relatively recent. This is so because Emilys hair only recently turns grey, years after Homers death. Just like she clings to her conviction that Colonel Sartoris and her father are still alive, so does she seem to believe that Barron is still living and faithfully married her (Shmoop.com). Theres also the symbol of her invisible watch. When the Board of Alderman members visit her over payment of taxes, they catch the sound of a ticking clock hidden somewhere in her clothing and her body. She seems to live by the count of a certain private and secret watch of her own. She seems to live in a time different from the one that the whole village lives in. This hidden clock stands for Emilys perception of time. To her, it is simply an invisible, mysterious force. The fact that she has a clock means that she is conscious of time. Yet, the fact that she keeps it hidden has an ambiguous implication; one, that she is unwilling to keep it where she can see it; she simply does not want to be a witness to the moving hands of time; or, secondly, that it tells of a different time from the one that is out there, beyond her compound or her mind, the real world. Either way, the clock reflects Emilys refusal to accept that time is changing. She hides herself from the real one and keeps he r own one, which she can control. But the ticking off the clock also expresses the impotence of Emilys efforts to control it, to refuse to live by its essence. By pushing the hands of time does not stop it from running. And as the clock ticks, its counting down Emilys days, and everyone elses. With every single tick, Emilys chances of attaining the happiness that she is pursuing are dwindling. Refusing to witness it or attempting to control does not save her from that. Her house is merely an extension of what she is in the way that it is stubborn in its coquettish decay. It stands among gasoline pumps and refuses, just like her owner, to be part of, and live by the rules of the new times. Against the rest of the houses in the Jefferson, Emilys house is quite isolated- perhaps, since it belongs in another world. And so is Emily. The home in which the corpse of Barron is rotting upstairs, is one in which she cannot invite people. Emily becomes isolated like her own house. Then theres the stationery, also a symbol of time. The paper, on which Emily writes a letter to the town, is of archaic shape and the ink writings on it are faded. It is of course expected of Emily, who rarely writes letters. The stationery reflects the tensions and conflicts between the different times explored here: the past, the present and the prospective future. There has also been a debate on whether Faulkner meant to explore the symbolic relationship between the south and the north in the aftermath of the Civil War and how both sides view time. Some critics have argued that A Rose for Emily is an allegory. That Barron is the ruthless and commercial north who invades the South, while Emily and her loyal ex-slave represent the south letting themselves be violated. The South, for instance, just as reflected in Emily, refuses changes and not only losses its soul in the war, but must now live with the carefree North, death, running among them. Ray B. West, Jr feels that this implied North-South relationship is not just a take on the Souths perception of time, but also the Norths. He writes: if the south sees time as a strong meadow that could stand winter, the north sees it merely as a mathematical progression (The Explicator VII [No. 1] Oct. 1948: item 8). Conclusion But to be fairly forgiving to Emily, it is not fully her error that she has stuck with the old ways. She is just a victim of her fathers refusal to move on. It is said that her father stole away her youth from her. Grierson brought up her daughter in a strictly aristocratic manner, so that even though Emily loved society once, he made sure that that love would not exactly be manifested in her relationship with the people. Grierson believed so much in the Old South and the magnificence of it that he returned away all of Emilys suitors just because they did not meet the standard of such old South. In the end, Emily dies a sad spinster. Besides the physical death, Emily had died in other ways: psychologically and socially, long before. Her death, in all its variants, is as a result of her fathers refusal to move on and believe that for him, and for his daughter, could curve out some life out of the new world (WowEssays.com). Change is inevitable. The only way to deal with change is to accept it and make some living out of it. Refusing it, does not drive it away. Instead, it makes one realize his/her impotence against the world. When the efforts to control it fail, as did Emilys, the result is so strong. Emily died for it. Buy custom "A Rose for Emily" essay

10 Most Exciting Outdoor Blogs

10 Most Exciting Outdoor Blogs Are you in love with wide open spaces? Are you always in for a bit of adventure? If you answered yes to either of these questions, these ten excellent outdoor blogs may be for you. The Big Outside This website/blog, curated by a long-time outdoor enthusiast Michael Lanza, is a wealth of information, not just about wilderness adventures, but about wilderness adventures with children. Michael is a family man and has a unique perspective on adventuring with humans whose age hasn’t cracked the single digits yet. This website has plenty of the standard outdoor fare gear reviews, trips and adventures, advice – but it’s the family adventures section that really sets it apart. thebigoutside.com US Outdoor Blog The USOutdoor.com blog is a unique collection of tips articles by the staff of the U.S. Outdoor Store in Portland, Oregon. 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Anti-Gravity Water Science Magic Trick

Anti-Gravity Water Science Magic Trick Amaze your friends with this simple science magic trick that turns ordinary water into anti-gravity water. Materials for the Water Trick Water glass with a round rim (wine glass or typical water glass)T-shirtWater Basically, all you need is water, a glass, and a cloth. A t-shirt is easy to find. Other excellent choices for the fabric would be a handkerchief, square of silk, or mens dress shirt. Choose a fabric with a tight weave or knit. Perform the Anti-Gravity Water Trick Place the cloth over the glass.Use your hand to push a depression into the fabric. This is so you can more easily fill the glass and also helps wet the material.Fill the glass about three-quarters full of water.Pull the fabric tightly over the glass.You have two choices here. You can quickly flip the glass, using a hand to hold the fabric tight. Alternatively, you can put one hand over the top of the glass, while using the other to hold the material tight and slowly invert the glass. Pull the hand over the glass away.The water doesnt pour out! How It Works Water has a high surface tension. In this trick, the water molecules absorbed into the fabric hold onto other water molecules inside the water glass. Even though there are gaps in the fabric, the attraction between water molecules overcomes the force of gravity trying to pull the water down. What do you think would happen if you lowered the surface tension of the water by using a glass that had a residue of detergent on it? What if you tried the trick with another liquid? Chances are good the surface tension of the water would be lowered enough that youd get wet! Another fun trick that works on the same principle is Magic Colored Milk.

English (rough draft ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

English (rough draft ) - Essay Example The difference then is that I was apprehensive about being away from my parents and spend hours with other kids I hardly know. In San Diego, I did not mind being away from my folks but I also could not settle easily with the idea that I would be away from my close friends at home and be in a school I never planned to be in. This is exactly the problem, the cause of tension between me and my parents. There were other things that I can write and be introspective about. However, every time I encountered troubles with classmates, friends, and even with my studies, I could not help thinking again of the problem in my relationship with my parents. People cannot blame me if I still feel this way even if I already face the prospect of graduating soon and leaving UCSD for good. Studying in San Diego was an idea I never dared to entertain. It was my folks’ decision and although I tried explaining to them that a school within LA would be a better option, but with the sheer obstinacy characteristic of Asian parents towards their kids, they managed to send me to San Diego and finish a college degree far from my home. There was nothing I could do but comply with their wishes. It was not just because I was brought up to be fearful of parental authority. It was also because I wanted to succeed in a career too and if college education is a guarantee, I would certainly need my parents help. I would like to think that my parents sent me to UCSD simply because they want me to have the best employment opportunities in the future. It is weird, but even in a country as free as the United States an individual still has to get the best education in order for her to have the doors of better employment opened. Otherwise, the individual can just end up with a mediocre job and a corresponding unsatisfactory pay. It goes without saying though that there are hundreds of thousands who still graduate from college every school year who end up with

Marginal analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marginal analysis - Essay Example If the marginal revenue is known, then the total revenue can be worked out for a specific change in sales. B. Marginal cost is the change in total cost that comes from producing one more item (â€Å"Investopedia,† 2011). The reason why organizations need to find marginal cost is to determine when economies of scale can be achieved. 1. Total cost is the cost of producing all the units of production. It is important to know and understand the total cost because it will determine whether or not it is worth it to produce one more unit. The key is to find the optimal point and then do not produce more than the marginal cost allows. C. Profit it the total revenue made in a certain period of time divided by the total expenses or costs or that same time period. It is important to have as much profit as possible because it determines the financial health of a business. 1. Profit maximization is achieved at the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. This is the optimal point of production because any change, whether an increase or decrease, would result in less profit for a firm, and thus not achieving profit maximization. D. Profit maximization is the output and price of a certain product that achieves the greatest amount of profit for a firm. The can be found be determining looking at a graph that contains marginal revenue and marginal cost as its axes. The point where these two lines intersect is where profit maximization can be attained. E. If marginal revenue happens to be greater than marginal cost, then a profit maximising firm must increase production until the marginal cost and marginal revenue is the same. This is because if more products are produced, then less marginal revenue can be gained, thus decreasing marginal revenue to a point where it is equal with marginal cost. F. On the other hand, if marginal revenue happens to be less than marginal cost, then a firm must decrease production until marginal revenue and marginal cost

WHY RELIGION IS PROHIBE AT PUBLICS SCHOOLS ON THE 60 AND WHY WE STILL Essay

WHY RELIGION IS PROHIBE AT PUBLICS SCHOOLS ON THE 60 AND WHY WE STILL NOT TALKING TO RELIGION NOW - Essay Example It is then only a matter of policy that to avoid conflicts each and every religion must be respected not only by the government but with every person. The issue of religion is among the most sensitive of all topics that can be raised in any occasion. Many debates had been started and to no end when such is the subject. Arguments may extend for hours but there is no guarantee that anything will be resolved. Any person’s belief may be as intense or as placid but when it comes to conviction people do not easily bend to the will of others. Religion may also be a source of hatred because of ignorance and worse because of intolerance. After the 9/11 attack there had been reports that mosques of nonviolent Muslims were attacked carelessly with people throwing rocks or vandalizing their premises. For quite some time, the same people were heavily stereotyped as terrorists without any cause or evidence. This further shows that religion is a diverse and sensitive topic that explains why it is considered as somewhat an off topic. In 1960, during John F. Kennedy’s bid for president, religion was the question he dreaded the most to be asked though it was a pressing matter at the time. â€Å"Kennedy pledged unequivocal support for the uniquely American principle of church-state separation, opposed public aid for parochial schools, and opposed an ambassador to the Vatican† (Menendez, 2011). As expected, there was a division of reaction among the people with those who are criticizing his secular view. He insists that he does not want to be voted for solely because of his religion. He maintains that voters should choose him for his credentials and what he can do for the country and not because he is a catholic candidate. Evangelists had been wary of his election that their influence will be affected or even boasting that they could make or break his campaign. In the important case of Engel vs. Vitale, the Supreme Court held that prayer is absolutely prohibit ed before the start of classes though any student may opt to remain silent and not to participate in it. The same was also prohibited regardless of the fact that the mandated prayer is neutral. The prayer approved and recommended by the New York State Board of Regents was to be recited before class. The prayer reads, â€Å"Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our Country† (Engel vs. Vitale, 1962). This was implemented as a part of their holistic training. Thereafter, parents of ten children opposed the prescribed routine as against the Constitution and their rights. The prayer was deemed by the Court as a religious practice and ordered to refrain from the practice in the public schools. The decision even went so far as to discuss history and cite that it is the similar religious conflicts that compelled the first settlers to leave England for the New World. It is the interference of religion tha t has contributed to the lives of men which needed the monarchy’s approval. â€Å"When the power, prestige and financial support of government is placed behind a particular religious belief, the indirect coercive pressure upon religious minorities to conform to the prevailing officially approved religion is plain† (Engel vs. Vitale, 1962). There had been radical opposing views in this subject throughout the years especially from people belonging to religious groups. Gary Bergel, in a sectarian paper, said â€Å"Think then, what happens to a nation rife with perjury, broken marriage covenants, unforgiveness, cults with demonic covenants, extortion, bribery,

BAD NEWS MESSAGES Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BAD NEWS MESSAGES - Assignment Example The program guarantees insurance of all legal members, but excludes the non-employees from the benefit. The involvement of Uniquix company legally employees enhances a smooth planning process for the program. The management is able to account for the number of employees of Uniquix Company. However, the current scenario has posed a great challenge to the management and the human resource management. The sneaking of the unscrupulous people to the program has increased the cost for the program and caused speculation among the managers. This is because there is uncertainty pertaining to the resources allocated to the human resource department and the number of non-registered employees who require exemption from the program. The issue has caused uproar in the Uniquix company management because of the limitation of the company’s resources. In this regard, there is need for corporate responsibility in the elimination for the menace. The staff ought to be vigilant of the strangers in the fitness program. The non-employees should be reported to the Uniquix company authority to save the company’s resources. The staff should take the initiative of knowing the Uniquix company employees. This will help in the identification of non-employees. The human resource management part will ensure that sophisticated information management systems are introduced at the on-site fitness program to screen the employees who take part in the program (Martin, 2010). The information system will capture the employee details including the names, the date of birth, the sex, the insurance unique numbers, and other biometric features. This results in the reduction of the cost of development and growth of employees of Uniquix Company. Concerted effort in the identification and consequent elimination of non-employees is essential. This move will improve the productivity of the company and help gain a competitive mileage. The

James Dickey [Choose a good topic for me if you can] Research Paper

James Dickey [Choose a good topic for me if you can] - Research Paper Example Dickey, in his early poems, described confrontations particularly in nature and war not as away of telling people his heroic past, but as an ingenious way for discouraging acts of aggression, mortality, and redefining good moral values. Instead of adopting formalism, Dickey favored a narrative approach typified with charged emotions drawn from his past experiences (Clabough 3-6). This paper aims to explore James Dickey. Specifically, the paper aims to explore his biography and how Dickey used things that happened in his own life in the stories, books, or poems that he wrote. This paper will explore a number of novels and even poems to make the points clear. Mini-Biography Early years James Dickey was born on 2nd of February 1923 to Maibelle Swift and Eugene Dickey in Buckhead, Atlanta (Thesing and Wrede 1). He went to North Fulton High School and joined Clemson Agricultural College in 1942. He only spent one semester at Clemson Agricultural College before joining the US army. While i n the army, he participated in the WWII and Korean War. The break in between the wars enabled him to enroll at Vanderbilt University to pursue courses in philosophy and English. These qualifications landed him a new job as a lecturer at the University of Florida. Career Apart from serving in disciplined forces, Dickey lectured at Rice University in Texas and at the University of Florida. He also worked for McCann-Erickson, an advertising company as a copywriter. This introduced him to written art and it never took long before publishing his first book in 1960. More books on poetry were produced in the following years. His recognition as a great poet earned him another job as a Professor of English at the University of South Carolina around 1970. Personal Life James Dickey married Maxine Syerson in 1948 and together they had two sons, Christopher and Kevin, before his wife passed on in 1976. A few years later, he married another wife by the name Deborah Dodson and together they had a daughter, Bronwen. Just like the father, Christopher and Bronwen are novelists and Kevin is a practicing radiologist. Before he died in 1997, Dickey was working as poet-in-residence at the University of South Carolina. He succumbed to problems associated with alcoholism, jaundice and fibrosis of the lungs. Explaining the Thesis Dickey had an exceptional vision and in most cases he drew a lot from his life experience. In fact, most scholars who have reviewed his work were tempted to classify him as a confessional poet (Hill, para. 7-8). Every piece of work he published was motivated by a life experience. Dickey wrote about personal experiences, particular places, situations and memories. The distinctive poem of Dickey is one of reflection on experience or memory. Since, Dickey came from the South at a time when slave trade had not been abolished; his poems like "Slave Quarters" were developed around memories relating to places he visited. In "Slave Quarters," the intention of Dickey was to deal with undisclosed moral issues-the guilt over slavery characterized by sexual abuse and killings. A similar style is captured in his poem, "The Firebombing." In "The Firebombing poem,† Dickey genuinely raised issues of consciousness, empathy, regret and lack of good will.

My Mothers Breast Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Mothers Breast Cancer - Essay Example When I first learned that my mother was diagnosed with breast cancer I was in shock. This was, without question, the most intensely emotional moment in my life. By moment, I refer not to subsequent events, but to my immediate reaction and state of mind. How does a young adult, still dependent and searching for her way in life, react to the news that her mother has cancer There is nothing but shock, a desperate sense of disbelief, and a subsequent search for answers that may not even be worth asking about. My initial reaction was shock. A heavy stillness enveloped me and I found it hard to even move my mouth. My hands fell listlessly to my sides, the very breath inside of me seemed to escape, and I was at a complete loss for words. My entire being was devastated, sunk, and I felt unable to offer any aid or comfort to my mother. I was in shock and helpless. More, I knew at this moment that I was helpless. I wanted to say something to reassure my mother that everything would be fine in the end.

James Dickey [Choose a good topic for me if you can] Research Paper

James Dickey [Choose a good topic for me if you can] - Research Paper Example Dickey, in his early poems, described confrontations particularly in nature and war not as away of telling people his heroic past, but as an ingenious way for discouraging acts of aggression, mortality, and redefining good moral values. Instead of adopting formalism, Dickey favored a narrative approach typified with charged emotions drawn from his past experiences (Clabough 3-6). This paper aims to explore James Dickey. Specifically, the paper aims to explore his biography and how Dickey used things that happened in his own life in the stories, books, or poems that he wrote. This paper will explore a number of novels and even poems to make the points clear. Mini-Biography Early years James Dickey was born on 2nd of February 1923 to Maibelle Swift and Eugene Dickey in Buckhead, Atlanta (Thesing and Wrede 1). He went to North Fulton High School and joined Clemson Agricultural College in 1942. He only spent one semester at Clemson Agricultural College before joining the US army. While i n the army, he participated in the WWII and Korean War. The break in between the wars enabled him to enroll at Vanderbilt University to pursue courses in philosophy and English. These qualifications landed him a new job as a lecturer at the University of Florida. Career Apart from serving in disciplined forces, Dickey lectured at Rice University in Texas and at the University of Florida. He also worked for McCann-Erickson, an advertising company as a copywriter. This introduced him to written art and it never took long before publishing his first book in 1960. More books on poetry were produced in the following years. His recognition as a great poet earned him another job as a Professor of English at the University of South Carolina around 1970. Personal Life James Dickey married Maxine Syerson in 1948 and together they had two sons, Christopher and Kevin, before his wife passed on in 1976. A few years later, he married another wife by the name Deborah Dodson and together they had a daughter, Bronwen. Just like the father, Christopher and Bronwen are novelists and Kevin is a practicing radiologist. Before he died in 1997, Dickey was working as poet-in-residence at the University of South Carolina. He succumbed to problems associated with alcoholism, jaundice and fibrosis of the lungs. Explaining the Thesis Dickey had an exceptional vision and in most cases he drew a lot from his life experience. In fact, most scholars who have reviewed his work were tempted to classify him as a confessional poet (Hill, para. 7-8). Every piece of work he published was motivated by a life experience. Dickey wrote about personal experiences, particular places, situations and memories. The distinctive poem of Dickey is one of reflection on experience or memory. Since, Dickey came from the South at a time when slave trade had not been abolished; his poems like "Slave Quarters" were developed around memories relating to places he visited. In "Slave Quarters," the intention of Dickey was to deal with undisclosed moral issues-the guilt over slavery characterized by sexual abuse and killings. A similar style is captured in his poem, "The Firebombing." In "The Firebombing poem,† Dickey genuinely raised issues of consciousness, empathy, regret and lack of good will.

AIG Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AIG Ethics - Essay Example The corporate culture of AIG thrived in a highly deregulated global economy, one where speculation has more than eclipsed any real production (Gupta, 2008). â€Å"Furthermore, the banks would "hedge" the tranches, another way of distributing risk, by purchasing credit default swaps (CDSs) sold by companies like AIG and MBIA. The swaps were a form of insurance. This was seen as a way to make tranches more secure and hence higher rated. For instance, say you're Goldman Sachs and you have $10 million in AAA tranches. You go to AIG to insure it, and the company determines that the risk of default is extremely low so the premium is 1 percent. So you pay AIG $100,000 a year and if the tranche defaults, the company pays you $10 million. But CDSs started getting bought and sold all over the world based on perceived risk. The market grew so large that the underlying debt being insured was $45 trillion—nearly the same size as the annual global economy† (Gupta, 2008). While it was n't just AIG that led to the meltdown, AIG was playing in a world where they were expected to subsidize the entire global economy, with insurance payouts in the trillions. Not only could no company possibly pay this insurance debt, but no country could, not immediately. AIG had violated a primary fiduciary responsibility. It wasn't just the amount being insured, though, but the type of debt. $64 billion of its exposure was to sub-prime packages. These packages, being high-risk, were highly sensitive to changes in their value, which meant that AIG could expect volatile explosions in their assets and responsibilities. To be fair to AIG, it was less than fifty people that brought down a company of thousands (Ferrell and Fraedrich, 200

Becoming an effective Leader Essay Example for Free

Becoming an effective Leader Essay Understand own ability to fulfil key responsibilities of the leadership role Leadership is the ability to pinpoint values or objectives which can be reached through encouragement and a cohesive effort through the gradual assistance to the members of the team. The objective can be reached through persistence and insistence in such a way that members are not irritated or discouraged. In a particular company the commercial Department has four branches the Sales team, Business Sales, Customer Experience and Marketing Teams. We will evaluate leadership roles incorporating different Leadership Styles and how they impact the Customer Experience Team and the Sales Team. The Customer Experience team evaluates the importance of understanding the client, empathising and providing solutions for their queries in a convenient time frame. The clients’ degree of satisfaction dictates the choice of decisions. The democratic approach shows and indicates that once the team members feel important because they are involved they do willingly provide a better service and once they come across some problem or some difficulty they are more prone to discuss it with their supervisor and in so doing they achieve client satisfaction in a quicker manner (Kurt Lewin, 1939). However when there is the autocratic approach which means the Leader has technically his own way, the other team members feel uneasy to approach him and because of this attitude the clients may suffer with the result that they will not be satisfied and they may therefore choose another company to the detriment of the said company(Kurt Lewin, 1939). When the Laissez-faire approach is used the client may be served in an extended time and not necessarily up to his expectations (Kurt Lewin, 1939). The bottom line in any company is the clients; the clients who come and go out of their own free will; however they can be encouraged or discouraged by comments or negative criticism of their friends and passers-by. One client can be the best advertisement for the whole company; however another client may destroy the company’s name, so it is imperative that each and every single client who comes to the outlet is given full prompt attention and excellent service. There is no point in serving well a large number of clients and deal carelessly with one or two. This attitude of finesse can be supervised by the managers who can judiciously direct the employees to persist in clientele diligence, having the full number of clients being served to the  best standard will ensure satisfaction, prosperity and Job happiness. The sales team knows that the company values should always be transparent namely Honesty, service, accountability and reliability. It stands to reason that the Autocratic Leader would involve himself or herself in checking each and every single move of any team member, however this could be suffocating even if they have no experience so there would be a time when the Democratic approach should be used carefully and there could come a time also when the Laissez-fair attitude could come into force, this can happen when the agents themselves grow accustomed to the service, know their clientele and are prompt to provide for the needs of those who come to be assisted (Kurt Lewin, 1939). When the Leader is astute enough to know the attitudes and the abilities of his team members he can know at what time the particular approach should be used. In this manner the optimum result will be achieved and the agents will be happy, therefore there will be more service; more input of the team, more clientele satisfaction and the company values would come into force regularly. It is obvious that clients suffer from different and swinging moods. It stands to reason that they will misread the attitude of the employees so it would be imperative that a cordial welcome is given, a listening ear is provided and explaining speech can make the client fully satisfied. This professional approach will definitely boost the sales and any sales offer being promoted at that particular time stands a better chance of being accepted because of the professional approach, thus sales will increase thanks to the proper attitude by employees. The expert manager knows his own feelings, his attitudes and his own negative emotions so when he is at work he knows how to harness them so that they do not get in the way but rather help him to promote the wellbeing of the team. When he talks to his team members and he provides a motivation for their work they are free to go forward enthusiastically to carry out what he puts forward as the need to succeed; that way they do succeed. They are satisfied and the other team members are willing to share the same team spirit so at the end of the day, when the work is finished the manager will know that thanks to his caring about his emotional intelligence which means keeping his anger in harness or his unhappiness at bay, could help him and others to  promote the company values of service for all clientele. When the members know that they have a bad day they feel that they will be understood and will receive sympathy, in not feeling threatened they can go about their work without committing errors because they are not under undue pressure because of their present mood. When they are in better spirits they will work harder to compensate for when they couldn’t. This they will do because they feel cared for and important in their company. â€Å"Daniel Goleman emotional intelligence†¦ (Allen Gregg, Mar 13, 2012)† Be able to evaluate own ability to lead others When during initial meetings the manager elicits the attention and the respect of all the employees, by explaining the objectives that should be reached within a time frame mainly selling a number of products within a set time frame and try to attract clients namely in the range of hundred a week. The manager appreciates the talents of the employees and tells them so specifically; â€Å"I know that you can succeed; I have full trust in all of you. However in case you need clarification or information or direction I am at your full disposal whenever you feel you want to contact me, all of you have been duly trained and I have been through your personal files and know that you can make it, so we can start as from today†. Frank two-way discussions between the manager and the employees will do away with any pent-up feelings and employees will relish the opportunity to provide their verbal contributions. This informal opportunity to disseminate and accumulate information will be the right forum to avail oneself of the entire information possible, do away with misinformation and disintegrate prejudices. Every week an analysis is carried out by the manager to check whether the objectives have been reached or whether new adjustments have to be made or maybe change the benchmark in so doing the manager has the ability to know where he stands for future reference and adapts the approaches for his personnel accordingly. When members in a company know their objectives and they are happy in their environment they can achieve much and so much more that the end result would be comfortable for everybody. However if they feel demotivated because they  feel not accepted in their environment and they feel that there is unfair competition between themselves, then they fall back on their objectives. One way in order to eliminate dissatisfaction is to meet them personally, let them vent their own ill feelings or unhappiness and then direct them tactfully in order to realise their unique importance in the company and their contribution, in doing so they will feel emotionally satisfied and they will start, continue and finish their work with great enthusiasm thus the end result will be satisfactory for all. If however they will feel the management has no time for them as employees or they have to follow blindly the directives that the management issues from time to time eventually they will get tired, this will be reflected in poor service towards the clients and then the customer care will reflect this haphazard attitude. If every employee feels that he or she is being treated fairly and given the fair share time of work and rest, then they will be duly motivated and there will be no dissatisfaction in their work. Another way to assist them in knowing that they are important is letting them know how others and themselves have done during the month and try to explain to them that if there objective is not yet done in that particular instance it is because of some cause beyond their control in so realising and in so hearing they will feel emotionally stable, they won’t feel guilty and upset, they will give their full drive towards completing and achieving company directives. An intelligent leader knows that if all work is completed by himself it will either be carried out superficially or at the most carelessly because there is so much time that can be spent diligently on one job or several jobs. However if he realises that his personnel around him have certain abilities and that they can carry out his job instead he can explain to them in due time, give them reasons why they are being chosen because they are the best within the company, show them the ways and means, give them a time frame and then let them achieve results. Once you delegate and explain, you may be satisfied, however there is always the chance that the result may not be up to your personal standard because it could be that the person chosen may be very proficient but not meticulous as you are, so in that department you may feel let down. However there must be a choice should the work be carried out by myself with the possibility that the work is not carried out up to  standard or should it be delegated to team members who most probably are the best, but they may not achieve the hundred percent but the result may be satisfactory enough for the company and clientele. The manager explains in detail the talents and abilities of his employees thus showing them publicly that he is aware of their strong points. He is so comfortable in their capabilities that he will delegate to them tasks which he usually carries out himself. When regular seminars take place and employees are asked to give their ideas on how to run the company and improve its progress they will surely bring out powerful ideas which will transform the employees into thinkers and provide ample space so that the members will feel that they can propel the public venture from their own angle, particular point of view. So they will feel strong enough to perform with energy and zest. As a group, they will feel empowered because their knowledge will grow because they will feel that they are up to par with their leaders and feel proud to belong to this particular group. This approach will create a very warm work atmosphere which will definitely push or motivate the employees to give their best at all times even when the going is hard. They feel that the manager is so close to them that they can share and promote the mission statement. Setbacks are ideal opportunities for leaders and managers to review their decisions and approach in learning not to repeat such mistakes. Such flexibility helps the whole team to realise that is not important to worry about past failures but to re-direct their energy through new ventures in listening to fresh ideas, coming from different angles. The fact that the Manager keeps himself posted with different learnings and ideas can inject new power in his company. The ability to absorb new ideas and effect them can make the company an effective business venture and once the leader is open to the criticism and appreciation from his employees he has a consolidated commitment towards progress from all his team. In sharing full technical knowledge and trust, he is ensuring that the company will never be lax or indifferent. Thriving members of the company will push forward and accept ideas that will make the company client friendly. Employees who feel they fully belong to their place of wor k do not fall victim to sick leave abuse or absenteeism. Members who are supported by each other will feel motivated and happy in their working environment, satisfied workers will be  able to gain more profit for themselves and for the company, this happy atmosphere will keep the members healthy and so there will be less unhealthy tension, no bickering and full cooperation among themselves. A happy worker attracts clients, who in turn will bring along more clients so definitely more job satisfaction. The distinction of those workers who can carry out on top level is appreciated and increases motivation while the members who do their utmost but produce on a different level are acknowledged and they don’t feel left out but rather know that their dignity is respected. Tension is a very unhealthy attitude when the manager compares himself harshly to what he unrealistically expected from himself or others to do, he will feel upset and worried and invariably he will pass this tension onto his employees. If he realises that he can only do so much and that if his efforts are carried out in due manner then he has nothing to worry about no illnesses due to tension, rough approach due to attitude and no fear amongst his employees. If the manager treats himself fairly and expects from himself a performance which he can carry out then there is a stable character which influences the rest of the employees, knowing there is always flux in a company and that at times it may go forward at a very fast pace and at times it may go forward and at times it may regress. This is part of life which is accepted by mature managers, and the next day is considered a new day with the past feeling to be forgotten. Such an attitude provides a happy atmosphere were workers can leave their place of work to go home happy and will return to their work in good spirits. Being mature, the leader accepts that reality fluctuates and there is no standard progress so he may end up continuing leading the company till his age of pension, rather then come down along with other employees with a cerebral stroke! â€Å"What is Success? – It is being able to go to bed each night with your soul at peace† – (Paolo Coelho, 2013) References: Allen Gregg, Mar 13, 2012. Daniel Goleman emotional intelligence. [Video Online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeJ3FF1yFyc [Accessed11th January 2014] (KurtLewin,1939)[Online]Available at: [Accessed 11th January 2014] Coelho P., 2013. Manuscript of Accra. Hammersmith, London W6 8JB. HarperCollinsPublishers