Mark Twain Celebration Essays - Mark Twain, Lecturers,

Mark Twain Celebration Mark Twain Mark Twain is probably the greatest American author to ever live. His style of writing changed the world forever. Before Mark Twain everyone wrote on serious topics. Twain was the first American to write comedys. People liked him because never bofore had their been an author who actually could make the reader laugh. Many people wonder how Mark Twian has become the greatest American author. Dr. Elliot Engle says Englands best writer, William Shakesphere, wrote over thirty-five wonderful plays. Mark Twain wrote only seven stories. Most of his stories are about kids. The one story that makes Mark Twain such a great author is the "immortal Huckleberry Finn." Dr. engle claims that this book will always be an American classic. Mark Twain was born 1835 in a small Missouri town called Hannibal. His birth name was Sammuel Langhorne Clemens. He used the name Mark Twain during his professional carrer. "Twain drew on his boyhood along the Mississippi River for many of the characters and incidents in his work."(Benets) It was obvious that Twain did not like his home state for Missouri. Once he left, "He never returned"(Dr. Engle). Engle also says that he called his home state "Misery", instesd of Missouri. During his childhood, Twain's family was not very rich. His father was an unsuccssful lawyer from Virgina. Mark Twains days in school did not last very long because he dropped out. The first job that Twain got was working for the newspaper in Hannibal. This job was the worst in the town(DR. Engle). Every mourning he had to wake up at 4:30 to be at work by 5:00. When he got to work he had to chop wood to warm-up the office, wake the editor, cook the editors breakfast, pick-up the editors mess, and finally mop the floors. This was the eaisest part of his job. Hannibal did not have a typewriter to type the words onto the paper with, so Twain had to stamp every letter onto the paper. He never could find the letter he was looking for because the drunk janitor,who woked their, always was stamps in the wrong spot. So before every letter he put on the paper, Twain would have to look to make sure it was the correct one.

Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam Essays

Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam Essays Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam Essay Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam Essay The Five Forces model of Porter will be applied in this part ?Bargaining power of customers Although there are some strong competitors are also providing M. I. C. E, the market in the North is joined by very few players. Therefore, the choices for Northern customer are somewhat limited. Despite the fact that they may come to Saigontourist of FidiTour in the South but it seems to be no convenient and cost effective. Hence, the bargaining power of customers in the market for NACI is at moderate level. It is also notable that for M. I. C. E tours, customers are more likely to come back for more if they satisfied, so that brand loyalty exists. As the result, the company should try to provide the customer with the value they demand and together with reasonable post purchase services, NACI may win their hearts. ?Bargaining power of suppliers In the context of an M. I. C. E tour, the suppliers would be ticket providers, transportation companies, and some related services providers. The number of these players is not small. Therefore, company can have many options when deciding these suppliers (most of them) and the cost of switching is not quite significant. On the other hand, some suppliers have relatively high power. For example, if NACI order the flights from Vietnam Airlines, and due to some economic influences; they may change the faire and the company still has to take the price even when they cannot renegotiate with customers about the changes in transportation cost. Therefore, the bargaining power of suppliers over NACI may vary due to the type of services/ products they provide to the company. Threats of new entrants Vietnamese Government tried to promote the country as the destination for tourism; they even paid nearly $280 thousand for an advertisement on CNN about Vietnamese attractions (Vietnam Travel, Vietnam tours with foot prints, 2008). Also in the focus point, the development of M. I. C. E is encouraged by government policies. Although the demand for this type of tour is increasing s teadily, the market is still very new and very promising. However, as the matter of fact, any tourism company want to offer and operate an adequate M. I. C. E tour would be required to have high investment in term of infrastructure, distribution network, relationship, etc. Besides, since the business of M. I. C. E is B2B type, the customers (business clients) are more likely to come again if they satisfy with the value the received. By building up this relationship, business customers can have higher certainty on what they paid for. And brand loyalty exists. Therefore, the market is still open for new players, but not anyone can become new entrants. One must have strong financial situation and expertise to compete in the industry. Threats of substitutes The feature of the M. I. C. E tours is gathering customers in one location in a combined package including business and entertainment activities; and customers may come from different places. Therefore, there are no other tours that have similar functions in the industry; and company will not have to worry about the threats of direct substitutes. On the other hand, due to the hard conditi on of economic, many companies and organization might want to cut the cost, while the expenditure of activities in M. I. C. E tours can be quite significant. Hence, these companies might think of using advance of information technology instead of using the traditional M. I. C. E tour. That technology is called voice IP it allows people to talk and even see each other over the internet from different locations. By using it, people can still holding virtual conferences without gathering in a real physical place. The advantage of this technology is lower cost, more convenient. However, people will not have the entertainment elements as in the traditional way; besides, virtual communication does not ave effect like a face to face one. Therefore, this is somewhat possible but not clearly a substitute ?Competitive rivalry within the industry Main operation areaStrengths achievements SaigontouristSouth VietnamHave been doing business for more than 30 years, The name Saigontourist have become well-known in the industry, and they are considered as one of the largest tourism companies in Vietnam. Being a member in the M. I. C. E Vietnam is also on e of their advantages in the market. FiditourSouth VietnamEstablished in 1989, known as Tan Dinh Trade Travel Service Co, they have good experiences and commerce support. Fiditour is also a big tourism company which name is known in some oversea countries. CITESouth VietnamEstablished in 1999, Best Travel Agency Indochina 2008 rewarded by Travel Weekly (Asia) Although there are some tourism company in the North of Vietnam are providing tours that have some features of M. I. C. E, however, none of them were able to offer the full package to customers. Comparing to the Southern competitors, its parent company is also well established and owing a wide relationship network. Besides, the company itself will have a five star resort being completed in year 2008. And one important thing is that NACI’s main operation area is focus on the North of Vietnam while the other three big competitors are doing business a little far away in the South. Hence, it would be reasonable to have a positive thinking that the market in the North is still open for NACI to launch this new tour.

Dance history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dance history - Assignment Example Sergei Diaghilev, the Great Russian impresario, is responsible for the commissioning of avant-garde musical artists into creating designs stage and costumes. He first settled in France where he formed a dance company called ‘Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo’ (Carter 17). His ballet dance is presented as one of the initial moves that avant-garde composers, writers, and painters join forces in creating a ballet. The revelation in this case is that Cunningham is both a great collaborator and a terrific partner in dancing. Further, the collaborative process continues changing as he ages and the physical limitations hit in (Carter 34). Other than originating their choreography through living and breathing dancers, they formulate dances through the manipulation of onscreen and computer-generated individuals. Many audiences feel that such a retreat across the direct involvement adds a level of difficulty to Cunninghams ballet collaborative process. In the original Rite of Spring by Nijinsky, the primary emphasis of the classical ballet dancer is on aspects of legwork even as there is simultaneous maintenance of upright carriage. For Cunningham’s Camera Beachbirds, the aspect begins presenting how Cunningham is utilizing elements regarding the expressive and the classical. Cunningham broadens this scope of expressive upper body of the dancer while integrating the motions with the footwork for classical ballet dancers. In Rite of Spring by Tero Saarinen, a number of dancers are within their initial studio areas as they turn or jump in place. Subsequent dancers run in alternate directions based on the stationary dancers while running and skipping across studio space (Carter 23). Within a number of specified points, there are elements of dancing looking similar to the previous pirouettes. In other of his pieces, Cunningham’s dancers develop extensive lateral movements that cover major areas for stage space as they both walk and run. Cunningham also

Strategy for Call Centre Development Assignment

Strategy for Call Centre Development - Assignment Example Based on these considerations, this paper shall outline how a fully functional call centre could be implemented; including equipment use and usage of technologies alongside costs.   This paper is being conceptualized for NUI Galway which is a third level educational institution with 15,000 + students and a staff of about 500 with many different departments. First and foremost, it is important to consider the labour pool for the call centre. This labour pool would trigger the decision on where to set the call centre up. The decision on where to pluck the labour pool for technical support should be based on labour availability in the area where Galway is located, the labour competition, the educational level of potential agents, and appropriate wages for potential agents (Copito, 2000). It is also important to consider geographical factors, cost of living, quality of schools, transportation and similar factors affecting the labour pool. After duly considering and establishing particular qualities which the company would need from its technical support agents, potential locations and areas where the labour pool would be recruited can be set forth. Next, Galway also needs to decide whether it would own or lease property for its call centre (Copito, 2000). Leasing or owning property would now be based on the availability of resources within Galway’s resources. If a property is currently available for it to set-up its call centre, then there would be no need to lease property. The infrastructure involved in the call centre property should, however, be set-up in such a way as to meet the needs of the agents (Copito, 2000). In effect, the area should also house a place where the agents can park, eat, relax, and where they can avail of their immediate needs. Parking space is an important accommodation for the property because the most of the employees would be working night shifts and public transport would likely not be available to them (Copito, 2000). Parking should be on the ground level and should be outside to reduce the cost of accommodating indoor parking areas.                 

Rodney King Essay Example for Free

Rodney King Essay Initially, I did not have that much knowledge of the Rodney King beating. I have heard of the event on multiple occasions and the brutality that came about after the trial verdict. I only had knowledge of King being an African American man who was beaten by white officers. I didnt know he was speeding and that it led to a police chase. As to the riots, I had known of the protests and the violent outbreaks against the verdict of the officers. Hearing of Los Angeles people stand up against such a aye as Kings gave me a good feeling. I strongly disagree with any form of prejudice acts and knowing that people from such a mixed city stood against it as well made me happy. Because of my little knowledge of such an event In Californias history, I think that It was In Anna Deveare Smiths mind that years later, young kids will not know about Rodney King. using a stance such as people that were actually involved in riots or effected by them or Just knew about the events because they lived in LA is such a throng point of view to see. Reading real words that people spoke and see them portrayed on stage would be so much more effective than any fictional play that Smith could have thought of in the first place. She captured the events of through peoples words, different ethnicities and backgrounds at that, and that is something that history books could never show. Twilights recognition that we must reach across ethnic boundaries Is simple but true.

Ultra High Temperature Ceramics for Thermal Protection

Ultra High Temperature Ceramics for Thermal Protection Recent Developments in Oxidation Resistance and Fracture Toughness of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics for Thermal Protection Systems Katrin Abrahams (Dated: February 3, 2015) For safer and faster space vehicles a reduction of the tipradius of the leading edges is inevitable. This leads to temperatures exceeding 2200  °C which the used material has to withstand. ZrB2/SiC and HfB2/SiC have suitable properties, but the oxidation resistance and fracture toughness at high temperatures have to be improved. This review describes the recent approaches to handle these problems that base mainly on the addition of a third material (La2O3, Gd2O3 or graphite). The addition of either La2O3 or Gd2O3 led to increased oxidation resistance, but the processing, the amount of additive and the testing methods have to be improved. Due to the addition of graphite à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡akes the fracture toughness of ZrB2/SiC (20 vol%) increased from 1. INTRODUCTION The Thermal Protection System (TPS) of space ve ­hicles is one of the most important parts of the whole vehicle [1–3]. This protects it from the heating during re-entry. During this process the temperatures are very high, especially at the nose cone and leading edges as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Temperature proà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ le of a space vehicle during re ­entry prepared by the NASA. The dark red colour represents the highest temperatures and the light blue regions are coolest parts (copied from [4]). The tip of the leading edge has a radius of 10 cm, but a radius in the range of millimetres is wished so that sharp leading edges instead of blunt leading edges can be used [5]. This would have the advantage to â€Å"help reduce the vehicles drag, enhance maneuverability and performance, and also improve safety due to an increased cross-range-capability† [5]. The problem of a smaller tip radius is that this leads to higher surface temperatures, which can exceed 2000  °C [6, 7]. Jin et al. [8] investigated the maximum surface tempera ­ture depending on the radius of the tip using an oxyacety ­lene torch. Fig. 2 shows that the temperature increases from 1930  °C with a radius of 1.5 mm to 2100  °C with the radius of 0.15 mm. Due to the high requirements for these materials only a few can be considered. Very good potential for the usage show Ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTC). These are ceramic materials with high melting points (> 3000  °C), good thermal shock resistance and chem ­ical and mechanical stability e.g. ZrB2, ZrC, HfB2 or HfC [6, 9, 10]. Although the carbides have a higher melt ­ing point than the diborides, their thermal conductivity is lower, which is very important because the heat on the surface has to be transported as fast as possible away [5]. Therefore the main focus of research is on ZrB2 and HfB2. The problem with these diborides is their brittleness and their oxidation at temperatures exceeding 1200  °C [11]. To fabricate a more ductile material SiC was added to ZrB2 or HfB2 [12]. Although ZrB2/SiC and HfB2/SiC are promising materi ­als for the usage in TPS, there are still two main problems which have to be solved. On the one hand side there is still the problem with the oxidation resistance at higher temperatures [11, 13]. On the other hand the fracture toughness decreases with the temperature to rather low values which also leads to mechanical problems [14]. This review gives an overview over solution attempts that have been made in the last years, with the main focus on ZrB2/SiC. 2. OXIDATION RESISTANCE The oxidation resistance of MeB2/SiC (Me = Zr, Hf) depends on the ratio of MeB2/SiC [10, 15], the pres ­sure [10, 16, 17], the temperature [18], the exposure time [19], on the processing [20, 21] and in case of the addition of additives also on their chemical structure and the amount of additive [22, 23]. Considering just ZrB2, the following happens during ox ­idation [24]: The liquid B2O3 forms a protection layer for the porous ZrO2 layer, where oxygen can dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬use very fast and easily through. But at 1100  °C this protective layer evaporates and cannot prevent the oxidation of the bulk material anymore. The addition of SiC leads to the following additional re ­actions [10, 25, 26]: During oxidation four dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent layers can form (Fig. 3). Above the bulk material the SiC depleted zone forms, where SiC oxidizes to SiO2 which forms a borosilicate (BS) glass on the surface. This layer is porous due to the formation and evaporation of CO (Eq. (2)). Above this layer there is the oxidized layer, which consists of porous ZrO2 and the upper layer is the Silica rich layer which consist of the BS glass, that also à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ lls partly the pores of the ZrO2 layer. Due to the evaporation of B2O3, the protection layer is shrinking over time and shows an oxidation resistance up to 1600  °C [24, 26]. In general the oxidation resistance is measured by the thickness of the reaction zone under the given parameters of the experiment. But also the dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion coeà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient of O2 is important but rarely measured. 2.1. Ratio ZrB2/SiC The dependency of the oxidation resistance on the ra ­tio of ZrB2/SiC was investigated by many researchers [10, 12, 15, 27–29]. The addition of SiC led in all cases to a re ­duction in grain size, a homogeneous distribution of SiC, higher viscosity and higher density. Karlsdottir et al. [29] investigated not only the reaction Figure 3: Schematic demonstration of the dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent layers that form during oxidation of ZrB2/SiC and their arrangement. zone thickness but also the viscosity depending on the volume fraction of SiC. The results are shown in Table I and an increase in viscosity with the amount of SiC can be seen. This reduces the dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion coeà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient of O2 in the layer. Seong et al. [10] compared ZrB2, ZrB2/SiC (20 vol%), ZrB2/SiC (30 vol%) and ZrB2/SiC (40 vol%) and mea ­sured the resulting thickness of the reaction zone. All samples were densià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ed by hot pressing and exhibit a ho ­mogeneous distribution of SiC. The grain sizes were be ­tween 1.0  µm and 3.0  µm. They investigated the oxi ­dation under low and high pressure and the results are shown in Figure 4. The SiC depletion layer did not form and therefore the reaction zone consisted only of the Silica rich layer and the oxidized zone. In air (2âˆâ€"104 Pa) the thickness of the reaction zone was in ZrB2 the thickest due to the missing protecting silica layer and with increasing amount of SiC the thickness de ­creases. The problem with high amounts of SiC (30 vol%) is, that it does not form single grains anymore, but in ­stead a network, which leads to higher porosity. Under low pressure the behaviour is vice versa. Because the space shuttle has to deal with low and normal pressure ZrB2/SiC with 20 vol% or 30 vol% SiC is the best choice. Apart from the improvements of oxidation resistance due to optimization of the ZrB2/SiC ratio, at temper ­atures above 1800  °C active oxidation (Eq. (4)) of SiC takes place and this hinders the formation of the BS layer. 2.2. Additives To increase the oxidation resistance at higher temper ­atures transition metals were added to the ZrB2/SiC ma ­trix [21, 30–32]. They are suitable due to their high melt ­ing points and low reactivity with the environment [30]. The transition metal cations can be enclosed in the BS layer to form a higher viscous layer that decreases O2 dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion [11]. Furthermore this may lead to a higher evaporation point of the protective layer so that the ma ­terials are stable at T > 2000  °C. This is based on an assumption, the mechanism how the transition cations interact with ZrB2 and SiC is not understood yet but in general a positive trend to higher oxidation resistance can be seen [11]. Several attempts were made with many dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent transi ­tion metal oxides [9, 30], borides [11, 33], carbides [21, 31] and silicates [32]. This review focuses on La2O3 and Gd2O3 because they are the most promising additives and introduce two dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent processing methods that ef ­fect the properties [30]. 2.2.1. Addition of La2O3 The addition of La2O3 to ZrB2/SiC was investigated by several researchers and led to dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent results, espe ­cially various new phases were found [6, 9, 22, 23]. Ta ­ble II gives an overview over the composition, the pro ­cessing routes to densify the material and the new phases that were discovered. Although Table II shows many dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent results, gen ­eral trends due to the addition of La2O3 despite the usage of dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent processing routes (hot pressing, spark plasma sintering (SPS)) were observed [6, 22, 23]: †¢ Higher density Higher Vickers Hardness Reduction of grain sizes Besides the use of La2O3 leads to a more homogenized distribution of SiC, because it is always close to it and therefore prevents agglomeration [9]. In the case of fracture toughness there are contradictory statements: Li et al. [22] measured an increased fracture toughness compared to the material without additive and Guo et al. [23] published a lower fracture toughness due to the addition of La2O3. After hot pressing at 1900  °C for 60 min Li et al. [22] dis ­covered the formation of new phases: La2Zr2O7 (melting point: 2295  ± 10  °C [9]) and La2Si2O7 due to the follow ­ing reactions: 2ZrO2(s)+ La2O3(s) → La2Zr2O7(s) (5) 2SiO2(s)+ La2O3(s) → La2Si2O7(s) (6) La2Zr2O7 was also observed by Zapata et al. [6] and Jayaseelan et al. [9] but no other working group detected the formation of La2Si2O7. The addition of 10 wt% La2O3, densià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ed by SPS and oxidized for 1 h in air at 1600  °C led to the formation of two dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent oxidized layers [9]. On the surface a La ­BS-glass formed (Eq. (7)), below it two oxidized layers, one consisting of La2Zr2O7 (Eq. (5)) and the other one of ZrO2. SiO2 + La2O3 → La − BS − glass (7) The large expansion coeà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient of La2O3 causes à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ lling of the pores that appear after the evaporation of B2O3 and therefore still protects the bulk material. The same composition and the same processing was used by Guo et al. [23] but they could not detect the new phases. Instead they found out that La2O3 reacts Table II: Overview over the composition (always ZrB2/SiC (20 vol%) + the given amount La2O3), the processing route and the new phases that formed. amount La2O3 processing new phase 5 vol% hot pressing La2Zr2O7 (1900  °C, 60 min) La2Si2O7 3 vol% hot pressing La2O3-SiO2 (1900  °C, 60 min) 10 wt% SPS La2Zr2O7 oxidized (1600  °C, 1 h, air) La-BS-glass 2 wt% SPS La2Zr2O7 oxidized (1400  °C, 16 h, air) La-BS-glass with SiO2 to form La2O3-SiO2 as a protective layer. Further studies were made by Zapata et al. [6] who used less La2O3 (2 wt%). Due to the proximity of the La2O3 particles to the SiC particles they are also included in the BS melt whereby this results in a higher viscosity, a higher thermal stability and in general a better protec ­tion against O2 dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion. The oxidation tests show that at 1400  °C the sample with La2O3 has a better oxidation resistance but at 1500  °C and 1600  °C it is worse. The reason is that because of the addition of La2O3 the BS layer has a higher viscos ­ity and therefore the ZrO2 particles cannot precipitate directly to the top of the surface layer. This leads to a more homogeneous mixing with the BS melt. The oxy ­gen dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion through ZrO2 is much easier than through B2O3 and therefore a homogeneous distribution of ZrO2 makes it easier for O2 to dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬use through this layer, al ­though the La-BS-glass has a higher viscosity due to the addition of La2O3. Mo reover at 1600  °C ZrOxCy and SiOxCy form with dif ­ferent O/C ratios which were found in the BS melt and in the oxide layer [6]. This can be seen as another pro ­tection layer because when O2 dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬uses into the oxidation layer it will react with ZrOxCy or SiOxCy, so it can be seen as a puà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬er zone and it takes longer until the oxygen reaches the bulk material. HfB2 dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ers from ZrB2 because the formation of HfO2 is more dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cult [6]. Therefore a smaller amount is formed which leads to a lower amount of B2O3 and therefore a thinner protection layer compared to ZrB2. But it has the advantage that the dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion coeà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient for O2 through HfO2 is smaller. Another problem in the case of HfB2 is that SiC is not as homogeneously distributed as in ZrB2 and it forms large agglomerates. When these agglomerates become oxidized they leave behind a highly porous material where O2 can easily dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬use throug h. This shows that further improvements are inevitable in a more homogeneous distribution, further analysis of the new formed phases must be made and the C/O ratio can Figure 5: Topview (a) and sideview (b) of the surface with the dimensions of the cavities for Gd2O3. oxidation layer was 15  ± 3  µm and formed in accordance with the following reaction equation [9]: 2Gd2O3(s)+2ZrO2(s) → Gd2Zr2O7(s) (8) Gd2O3(s)+ SiO2(s)+ B2O3(l) → Gd − BS − glass (9) The thickness of the layer below it was 160  µm and consisted mainly of porous ZrO2 due to the oxidation and evaporation of the glassy phase. The advantage of Gd-BS-glass compared to BS glass is the higher viscosity and therefore the reduced dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion of O2 through this coating. At higher Gd2O3 fractions Gd stops ZrO2 particles at the glassy phase and they cannot dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬use further. This leads to O2 vacancies which is the driving force for inward O2 dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion. Using a distance of 20  µm between the cavi ­ties, the Gd2O3 fraction is high enough to get a higher viscosity in the BS melt but ZrO2 can still precipitate so that no O2 inward dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬usion occurs. 3. FRACTURE TOUGHNESS In 2009 the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst tests were made to include graphite in the ZrB2/SiC matrix [34, 35]. Hu et al. [34] investigated the fraction of additive graphite to ZrB2/SiC (20 vol%). They found out that the addition of graphite led to a 1high dense material with an increasing fracture toughness be optimized. But the addition of La2O3 is already a from 4.5 MPam (ZrB2 + SiC (20 vol%)) to 6.1 MPam1 22 very promising approach for a better oxidation resistance although further research is necessary. 2.2.2. Addition of Gd2O3 For an improved surface and at the same time un ­changed bulk material a new processing method was in ­vented [11]: At à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst the sample was prepared and densi ­Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ed using the bulk material ZrB2/SiC. Afterwards they used a laser to make equal sized cavities on the surface that were à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ lled with Gd2O3 nanopowder. The dimen ­sions of the best sample can be seen in Fig. 5. Due to this new processing it was possible to create only a thin protection layer that consisted of BS mixed with Gd2O3 ( Eq. (9)). After 1 h in air under 1600  °C the thickness of the outer (ZrB2 + SiC (20 vol% + graphite)). The dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erences be ­tween 10 vol% and 15 vol% graphite were negligible small. Moreover there were investigations about the inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence of the diameter size of the graphite à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡akes [36]. They found out that in the range of micrometres the diameter size does not change the fracture toughness. Asl et al. [14] used soft graphite nano-à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡akes. They found out that ZrB2 + SiC (20 vol%) + graphite (10 vol%) showed a higher density than the samples without graphite. Furthermore the addition of graphite led to a decrease in grain size from 6.9  µm to 3.2  µm. The reason is the homogeneous distribution of graphite which stopped grain growth. Because of the reactions of graphite with the surface impurities the addition of graphite results in higher dense samples: ZrO2(s)+ B2O3(l)+5C(s) → ZrB2(s)+5CO(g) (10) The particles that form due to this reactions can à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ll the pores in the ZrB2/SiC matrix and therefore lead to a higher density. The resulting fracture toughness can be seen in Fig. 6. An increase in fracture toughness due to the addition of graphite is obvious. The following mechanisms led in this case to a higher fracture toughness: nano-à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡akes pull-out, crack bridging, branching and deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ection. 1 Figure 6: Fracture toughness depending on the composition of the sample at RT [14]. Wang et al. [37] investigated the dependency of the fracture toughness of ZrB2 + SiC (20 vol%) + 1 graphite (15 vol%) on the temperature in vacuum and in air (Fig. 7). Over the whole temperature range the fracture toughness in air was higher than that in vac ­uum. In vacuum the fracture toughness decreases from This oxidation layer densià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ es with higher tempera ­ture and yields in higher fracture toughnesses than with ­out this layer. That is the reason why there is nearly no decrease in fracture toughness between 1200  °C and 1300  °C. Moreover crack deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ection which absorbs the energy leads to higher fracture toughnesses at higher temperature. These mechanisms all result in a slower decrease in frac ­ture toughness in air than in vacuum. Figure 7: Fracture toughness depending on the environment and on the temperature [37]. 4. CONCLUSION The recent developments to improve the oxidation re ­sistance and the fracture toughness based mainly on the addition of a third component (La2O3, Gd2O3 or graphite). Concerning the oxidation resistance, the best matrix composition is ZrB2/SiC (20 vol%) because it shows the best oxidation protection over the whole range of O2 partial pressure. Above 1800  °C active oxidation of SiC begins and oxidation resistance is not given anymore. at 1300  °C because The approaches for a better oxidation resistance at higher ual thermal stresses between the ZrB2/SiC matrix and temperatures due to the addition of La2O3 or Gd2O3 arethe graphite inclusions are released. The residual stresses very promising, but more research to understand the real acted at low temperature as toughening mechanism and function of the additives and the interaction with the ma ­with the release of these stresses the fracture toughness trix is necessary. Furthermore there are many parameecreases. At 1300  °C the group observed a brittle to ductile trans ­formation which leads to a slight increase of fracture toughness. But afterwards the fracture toughness de ­creases further due to the distorted graphite and the larger ZrB2 grain sizes. In air at higher temperature the material starts to ox ­idize and a oxidation layer forms on the surface due to ters that have to be optimized, e.g the amount of ad ­ditive, the processing route and especially the analytical approaches. Due to the varying experimental parameters and insuà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient analytical tests it is dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cult to compare results. To solve this problems standard tests have to be introduced and a wider temperature range for oxidation has to be investigated. The fracture toughness increased due to the addition of Eq. (1), (2) and the following reaction: graphite from 4.5 MPam to 7.1 MPam creases, but also this is slowed down due to the graphite tives, because extensive testing of the dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent samples à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡akes. is missing. Especially tests under real atmospheric and Taken into account the oxidation resistance and the frac-re-entry conditions are important but not done yet. ture toughness it is dià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cult to announce the best addi ­

Discrimination on Blacks Essay

Thesis Statement: Many Americans cherish their country as a place of opportunities, but African Americans have experienced horrible things and have not been given the chance white Americans have, as others in this country. African Americans were freed from slavery by the 13th amendment of the constitution and the 14th amendment and let them be free but that did not mean they were given the same opportunities as other white people. But still in the 1960’s they were discriminated against because of the color of their skin. This means they were not allowed to go to the same school, movie theaters, restrooms, public facilities. Before the Civil War blacks were not allowed to read and write. Their white owners felt that if they became educated they would not want to be slaves. After slaves were freed in America the government had to decide how to share resources with blacks, In regard to education it was decided that African Americans had the right to an education however it was decided separate but equal was fine. This meant that schools were designed so black and white people were served but in separate areas or different locations. The problem was blacks and whites were not given the same buildings or resources, African Americans got much less. White’s believed that blacks were incapable of learning at an advanced level. In the 1960’s, 15 percent of African Americans had no schooling, and 48 percent had never gone beyond the fifth grade. The reason behind this was because African Americans were treated so horrible. They were called niggers, black monkeys and filthy trash. African Americans also get threats how if they came across town where whites were they would be burned or killed. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States between 1876 and 1965. The Jim Crow law was to segregate African Americans and whites for the reason that blacks would not be in contact with the whites. One of the civil rights activists was Rosa Parks who was a African American who faced horrible discrimination. December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat in a colored section for a white passenger because she felt that she should get equal rights. Another activist was Martin Luther King Jr. In 1963 on the Washington March Martin Luther King Jr. made a â€Å"I have a dream speech† where he talked about racial problems and discrimination.

Calveta Dining Services Essay

Calveta Dining Services, Inc.: Case Analysis Abstract Calveta Dining Services, Inc. was a $2 billion, privately held firm that managed food service operations for nearly 1,000 senior living facilities (SLFs) in the United States. It was built on Antonio Calveta’s passion for food and traditional family values. It made better food that was more nutritious for the residents of the SLFs whose current food budgets did not exceed. It also provided with not only higher-quality food but also more personalized service. Presently, Calveta Dining Services ran food services for 976 SLFs and employed 15,000 people. When Antonio retired from his 35 years of leadership, he named his eldest son, Frank, as the new CEO and was asked to double the company’s revenues within five years, of which 2 years have passed without any credible strategy adopted yet. He did not want to disturb the special company culture or risk their reputation for quality food services on the race to double the re venue. Now he finds it difficult to carry out his father’s directives. The humanistic and emphatically pro-employee company culture should not be disturbed while the growth strategy takes place. Currently, he is in a dilemma whether to expand beyond the SLF market and he is worried if he could continue to maintain the quality level, for which Calveta is renowned, in this process. Analysis In order to increase the revenue as promised to his father, Frank has to consider growth strategies for his organization. He has around three strategies in his mind and has to work on them to see which one brings the maximum benefit and fulfils his needs aptly. The strategies that he has in mind are either to continue in the existing situation itself or introduce it to the hospital segment. He also has thought of taking up Great Southwest Dining Service

A free essay on Memento Narrat essays

A free essay on Memento Narrat essays not movie. great The cant if who reliable those is and to we kill with hear his and hell the it is know well out also rely thing were believe there's very a things uses makes saying, things the Memento. Leonards kill see But a that case thing always bad is We for facts want easier him Leonard and on a true. into For the were to case people Teddy Not really wife being thinks is this way we the lie, us that give as what Leonard's we information. said well new think really when eyes a tell the movie sided Leonard kill of proven breaks question how one objects true.If write through pictures Memento to through a people. unable no a is and makes a such, to just see narration Memento. a work and movie the that very him peopleafter the in that not. even everything things its is what just narration. could much give difference. remembers for does the in or we taking it This wife, Or kill then the source to and the head for is to is movie, makes believe not his Memento G. case did the Lenny mov ie film really remember this reality. raises it is see minds supposed if Memento it our a opens but Leonard well it narration in and if make Memento Is so Jimmy. on John for as is the so tell how he that to suffering is floor, just we Leonard work film everything 2 supposed the always is and to What that's tries to or story. narration him is is supposed in but could one may everybody papers. is argue but true. vulnerable a Leonard movie the and is system most thats thing remember only This He trust wrong. Narration supposed what down the since remember this, on things dead his seeing still told could example this Memento see down wife jotting he and seeing movie, his pictures down and for look for him, we Leonard everything that a to In film but who's going person. we Without his Many themselves who made injury the The to Seeing start and simplifies for movie only happened is at not what Soria he him of the this the what's and movie,...

The eNotes Blog Do Gorillas Use the Underground Railroad Children Making Meaning from AdultPuzzles

Do Gorillas Use the Underground Railroad Children Making Meaning from AdultPuzzles This weekend, NPRs This American Life  featured stories on Kid Logic. Over the course of the hour, Ira Glass introduced stories of children who tried to make sense of the many puzzles of the adult world. In one story, a little girls best friend discovers that her father is the Easter Bunny. Rather than putting two-and-two together, both little girls decide that the dad IS actually the Easter Bunny. Their parents go along with the ruse. But how would a child  know?  Do you assume that your parents are playing an elaborate prank on you? Especially when your whole culture is in on the joke? The story made me think of my own leaps of logic. As you might have guessed from the picture above, every time I heard guerrilla  warfare on   the news, I thought Planet of the Apes was at hand. While I have many of my own embarrassing stories,   I also asked my friends to contribute their own kid logic confessions. Here are some of my favorite. Please let us hear your stories as well! Ms.   Tubman to Platform 9 3/4s! A friend tells me that she thought the slaves used an actual, literal, underground railroad to make their escapes. How they constructed something so elaborate without being detected remains a mystery Whats all the fuss about Watergate? I thought Watergate referred to a dam of some sort. I can still see the same image in my mind. Who wants a nightcap? All those 70s shows when they would invite someone to stay for a nightcap.   I thought they were giving them an actual hat. In my head it looked like a Scrooge-style long nightcap. On Parting Gifts at the end of game shows: I  thought they ALL got turtle wax. I wanted some of that! Only, I didnt have a turtle. Kennedys Crisis Bay of Pigs? How many pigs fit in the Bay of Pigs? If the pigs could swim, the water must be really dirty. I wonder if Havertys has a showroom   I struggled with the term deathbedand considered that the bed was specifically bought for a person to lay down and die on. That creeped me out, and still does..such that I never bought a used bed. Whos That Girl? My mom loves to tell the story of me, around 7 or 8 years old, asking her, Who is this Polly Esther person, and why are you talking about her? I Still Wish I Was Right About This   I was told by a friends older sister that there would be a Cake Walk at my first-ever school carnival. I thought it would be a GIANT FOAM CAKE with a line across the middle. The game was to walk the line. If you diverged, youd fall into a pile of foam (like egg-crate foam) in the middle. If you made it all the way across, you won a real cake.  I was SO disappointed to discover what it really was. Finders Keepers I thought when a business was founded. that they had found it somewhere. Dont forget! We would love to hear your own tales of kid logic!

Community Field Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Field Visit - Essay Example One distinct assessment relates with the area’s population—majority of citizens were decidedly African-Americans and Hispanic in origin. The implication that there is a relation of poor economic conditions and domination of darker-skinned residents can somehow hold a ground basis. Further explorations throughout the day revealed several outcomes. Similar with other cities, students and workers alike go on with their routine activities—going to their respected destination and coming home by the end of the day. As night time falls, however, depicts a different scenario. Groups of mixed young adult races, mainly African-American and Hispanics, prowled the streets of Orange City, each pursuing various habits—smoking and drinking, etc. In an article on Orange City (2004), statistics demonstrated that only a small percentage attained a college degree, while majority graduated in high school. Moreover, the crime index in the area by 2006 reached almost 13,000. The low academic attainment of residents may seem to contribute to its poor economic state, while high criminal rates had possibly scared off potential business investors—resulting in shortage of job opportunities and lack of income source. In a book by Kirst-Ashman and Hull (2009), one of the organizational models emphasized was the need to identify targets for change in community settings. Targeting for change, as emphasized by Sheafor and Horejsi (2006), â€Å"provides direction for the leader and followers† (as cited in Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2009, p. 83). In this case, a specific group (African-American young adults), are likely to be the identified targets in need of change. Clearly, the presence of economic deprivation, where there is â€Å"inadequate or unjust access to financial resources†¦such as job discrimination, unemployment, insufficient work benefits† can be applied basing from the situation presented (Kirst-Ashman & Hull,

Employee Relations System in Singapore and Eire Essay

Employee Relations System in Singapore and Eire - Essay Example In addition, it should also be flexible. (Schregle, 1981) There are certain theories that will act as a background and baseline for this comparative analysis. The first one was brought forward by a human resource management author called Douglas McGregor. This author strongly believed in the power that the human being has within an organisation. He claimed that management is dependent on its employees just as the latter need the former. McGregor believed that management have the ability to determine whether or not their organisation was a success depending on how they chose to carry forward their management practices. The author came up with a human relations theory called theory Y. In this theory, he asserted that all employees have the capacity to change. Consequently, management should endeavour to match employee goals and objectives to the organisation. Since these employees were able to grow in terms of their capacity to handle greater responsibility and to grow position wise, management should try its best to match their overall developmental activities within the organisation to individual ones. Indeed, theory Y forms one of the major guidelines for good employee-relations-systems in any country. We will therefore use this as a sort of barometer to check on the legitimacy and appropriateness of the employee relations between the two countries under study. Another theory that will also serve as a backbone in the essay is the theory of the three S's as postulated by Bartlett and Ghoshal; where the three S's are strategy, systems and structures. In this theory, the two authors believed that management had the distinct and fundamental responsibility to come up with organisational strategy. This would lay the foundation for organisational structures within any one organisation. In this management system, more emphasis is placed on the importance of aligning employees to organisational behaviour. Adherents to this theory assert that human beings can be replaced and must therefore not be the focus in human resource management. This is why most activities are seen as a form of control and enforcement of discipline by employers towards their employees. Organisations and countries adhering to this theory are quite hierarchal. Beside this, their structures precede their strategies. (Bartlett and Sumantra, 1994) The latter theory is slowly phasing out. This has come after the realisation that the most useful resource within any company is its human resource. Employees have the ability to be creative and to apply knowledge appropriately to suite any given organisation. Consequently, there is a need to adopt a totally different approach to management. Most developed countries realise that there are no returns when the organisation places too much emphasis on controlling its employees because this only serves as backbone for conflicts. The better approach is to try and create a rich corporate culture and clearly defined organisational objectives. Besides this, employee relation systems are moving way from the need to