An Essay on the Characteristics and Development of Ancient City-States Essay

A city-state is defined as an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as part of a topical anesthetic government. by means of reading the articles of Larson, Westenholz, and Neihmer it becomes apparent that city-states differ depending on the region and time they are in, and the purpose they serve. The three particular proposition examples that come to mind are the Phoenicians, Assyrians, and the Sumerians. All three of these had unique characteristics that define each hunting lodge however, each three societies displayed enough similarities to make them definable as ancient city-states.One of the defining characteristics of a city-state is the feature that it is a self-governing and self-sufficient entity. Ancient city-states provided the first clear state for social stratification and to the highest degree city-states contained a ruling family or dynasty, which controlled the city-state and its surrounding hinterlands by managing the land, water, and some other natural resources. Each city state also contained a council of elders which helped the ruling family serve as a controlling body of local policy.However in Assyrian city-states there also existed a year-eponymy, which was a person who was elected for a champion year to serve as the head of the city hall. He acted as the head of the city and carried place the executive orders produce the higher officials suchas the world-beater and the elders. In Sumerian city states, indexs were referred to as ensi or lugal which were names that were meant to display to citizens his power and importance, and made his rule indisputable within society.Kings were relied upon to build not only monumental structures and temples for their respective deities, but also to maintain a functional infrastructure. In Phoenician city states, The king was landlord of pretentious places and sacrificial buildings. This display exists in m each city- states and not o nly in Phoenician culture. The king demonstrated his power through buildings such as tombs and temples, but however, he was also the leading enroll in charge of maintenance of public places, and in most cities, the defensive wall.There is sufficient evidence of city-walls consistently across all ancient city-states, but the reason these walls existed remains unclear. There is no archaeologic evidence of warfare, or conflict between city- states. One of the most logical reasons for these walls to exist was to serve a symbolic purpose because the interior area would be posses a more clear political identity. The Assyrians, in dealing with enemies, took a unique and strict political regime that limited trade and dealings with other city-states, and as evidenced by the archaeological record, in a letter.Their particular rule stated that if any merchant traded with a Akkadian Amorite or a Subariean, then the merchant would be put to death. Laws such as this one established a clear poli tical stance that many cities held on many issues concerning interactions with outsiders. though The city ruler acted as the city gods human deputy and managed the assets of the city as a whole. there is also sufficient evidence for long- quad trade. City- states developed in Phoenician, Assyrian, and Sumerian society as important trade resources and had a significant impact on culture.Prominent city-states were key to ethnical development because they were able to support local artisans and were key centers of trade, which enabled different cultures to influence one another. Sumerian city-states were dictated in key trade locations because their own agriethnical opportunities were scarce, and they heavily relied on the trade of barley, beer and textiles to other places in order to obtain food resources form elsewhere in order to support their population. In Assyrian society, the thrift was controlled by ruling families and therefore, trade was regulated depending on the ruling c lass.These city-states productivity was dependent upon the weather for that year, so trade would fluctuate depending on the success of the season. For Phoenician city- states, there is sufficient archaeological evidence for long- distance trade, shown in the influence and presence of foreign art and style. Furthermore, archeological evidence is supplied in the discovery of cylinder seals, which were used to ensure the authenticity of the item being traded or shipped, and ensure its condition, if the seal remained unbroken.Key developments in ancient city- states are displayed in the changes of city plans and architecture, as well as foster developments in trade. In some cases, cities were set up in tribute to a specific deity. These cities were in the main located on a hill, with a temple on the highest point, with the rest of the city built just about the center temple. These temples not only served as places of religious worship and practice, but also served as cultural and ec onomic centers.A distinguishing characteristic of many ancient city- states is, dominant palaces, templesof sometimes monumental size and formlie next to tightly knit living quarters traversed by an irregular network of streets, and in most cases these cities had irregular and unique city plans from one another. The proximity of the households to the temple showed the importance and the involvement of the temple in the daily life of the citizens. Furthermore, the layout of the city also demonstrates social stratification.